<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:19:24 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-21 16:29:01 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0000079</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB00079</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Dihydrothymine</name>
  <description>Dihydrothymine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydropyrimidines. Hydropyrimidines are compounds containing a hydrogenated pyrimidine ring (i.e. containing less than the maximum number of double bonds.). Dihydrothymine is possibly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Dihydrothymine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Dihydrothymine is a potentially toxic compound.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil</synonym>
    <synonym>5-Methyl-5,6-dihydrouracil</synonym>
    <synonym>5,6-Dihydrothymine</synonym>
    <synonym>5-Methyl-hydrouracil</synonym>
    <synonym>5-Methyldihydropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione</synonym>
    <synonym>dihydro-5-Methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione</synonym>
    <synonym>5-Methyldihydrouracil</synonym>
    <synonym>5,6-Dihydrothymine, (S)-isomer</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C5H8N2O2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>128.1292</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>128.05857751</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>5-methyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4-dione</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>dihydrothymine</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>696-04-8</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC1CNC(=O)NC1=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C5H8N2O2/c1-3-2-6-5(9)7-4(3)8/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H2,6,7,8,9)</inchi>
  <inchikey>NBAKTGXDIBVZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydropyrimidines. Hydropyrimidines are compounds containing a hydrogenated pyrimidine ring (i.e. containing less than the maximum number of double bonds.).</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organoheterocyclic compounds</super_class>
    <class>Diazines</class>
    <sub_class>Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Hydropyrimidines</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Azacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organonitrogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organooxygen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>5,6-dihydropyrimidine</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Azacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydropyrimidine</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic 1,3-dipolar compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>a base derivative</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>a pyrimidine-related compound</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>pyrimidone</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.80</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-0.84</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.67</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>11.7</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-7.4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>5-methyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4-dione</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>128.1292</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>128.05857751</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>CC1CNC(=O)NC1=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C5H8N2O2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C5H8N2O2/c1-3-2-6-5(9)7-4(3)8/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H2,6,7,8,9)</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>NBAKTGXDIBVZOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>58.2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>30.32</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>12.03</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Pyrimidine Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087247</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1073</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>2588</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>3283</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::EiMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>272</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1131</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1166</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1172</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>17649</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30987</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30988</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>129</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>130</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>131</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>305056</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>305057</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>305058</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>348397</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>348398</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>348399</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3608224</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3608225</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3608226</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3608227</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3608228</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3608229</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Melzer N, Wittenburg D, Hartwig S, Jakubowski S, Kesting U, Willmitzer L, Lisec J, Reinsch N, Repsilber D: Investigating associations between milk metabolite profiles and milk traits of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Mar;96(3):1521-34. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5743.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23438684</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Prostate Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <kegg_id>C00906</kegg_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB030555</foodb_id>
  <chemspider_id>84456</chemspider_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id/>
  <knapsack_id>C00052265</knapsack_id>
  <chebi_id>27468</chebi_id>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <wikipedia_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <metlin_id/>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <synthesis_reference>Yamane, Tetsuo; Wyluda, Benjamin J.; Shulman, Robert G.  Dihydrothymine from ultraviolet-irradiated DNA.    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  (1967),  58(2),  439-42.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Melzer N, Wittenburg D, Hartwig S, Jakubowski S, Kesting U, Willmitzer L, Lisec J, Reinsch N, Repsilber D: Investigating associations between milk metabolite profiles and milk traits of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Mar;96(3):1521-34. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5743.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>23438684</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00689</protein_accession>
      <name>Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q28007</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>DPYD</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP03183</protein_accession>
      <name>Dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2</name>
      <uniprot_id>O02675</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>DPYSL2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
