<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:33:12 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 22:47:02 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0000586</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB00586</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Potassium</name>
  <description>Potassium, also known as K+ or potassium ion, belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous alkali metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a alkali metal atom. Potassium exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and possibly neutral molecule. Potassium exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Potassium is a potentially toxic compound.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>K(+)</synonym>
    <synonym>K+</synonym>
    <synonym>POTASSIUM ion</synonym>
    <synonym>Potassium(1+)</synonym>
    <synonym>Nabumeton a</synonym>
    <synonym>Kalium</synonym>
    <synonym>Potassium (ion)</synonym>
    <synonym>Potassium (k+)</synonym>
    <synonym>Potassium cation</synonym>
    <synonym>Potassium ion (k+)</synonym>
    <synonym>Potassium ion (K1+)</synonym>
    <synonym>Potassium ion(+)</synonym>
    <synonym>Potassium ion(1+)</synonym>
    <synonym>Potassium monocation</synonym>
    <synonym>Potassium(+)</synonym>
    <synonym>Potassium(1+) ion</synonym>
    <synonym>Potassium(I) cation</synonym>
    <synonym>Liver regeneration factor 1</synonym>
    <synonym>LRF-1</synonym>
    <synonym>LRF1 Transcription factor</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>K</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>39.0983</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>38.963706861</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>potassium(1+) ion</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>potassium(1+) ion</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>24203-36-9</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>[K+]</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/K/q+1</inchi>
  <inchikey>NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous alkali metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a alkali metal atom.</description>
    <kingdom>Inorganic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Homogeneous metal compounds</super_class>
    <class>Homogeneous alkali metal compounds</class>
    <sub_class/>
    <direct_parent>Homogeneous alkali metal compounds</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Homogeneous alkali metal</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework/>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>a cation</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>alkali metal cation</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>elemental potassium</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>monoatomic monocation</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>monovalent inorganic cation</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>63.2 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>0.2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>3.09</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>potassium(1+) ion</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>39.0983</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>38.963706861</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>[K+]</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>K</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/K/q+1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>1.78</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Betaine Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087182</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Gastric Acid Production</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0119381</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Glycolysis</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087222</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Kidney Function</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0119376</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Lactose Degradation</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087253</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Methionine Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087249</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Muscle/Heart Contraction</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0119378</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Pancreas Function</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0119380</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Purine Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087239</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Pyruvate Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087231</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Spermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087213</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Trehalose Degradation</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087263</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Warburg Effect</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087270</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>25736</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>25737</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>25738</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>32294</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>32295</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>32296</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2400558</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2400559</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2400560</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Blood</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>4710</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Detected by Dacos Chemistry Analyzer in Hereford cows</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Early RJ, McBride BW, Ball RO: Growth and metabolism in somatotropin-treated steers: I. Growth, serum chemistry and carcass weights. J Anim Sci. 1990 Dec;68(12):4134-43. doi: 10.2527/1990.68124134x.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>2286555</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Blood</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>3900 +/- 20</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>McAdam PA, O'Dell GD: Mineral profile of blood plasma of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 1982 Jul;65(7):1219-26. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(82)82333-3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>7108016</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Blood</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>3810 +/- 80</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Detected by Spectrometry (Autoanalyzer/BT3000 Plus)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Abdullah BASOGLU, Nuri BASPINAR, Alparslan COSKUN. NMR-based metabolomic evaluation in dairy cows with displaced abomasum. Turk J Vet Anim Sci (2014) 38(3):325-330</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Blood</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>4296 +/- 388</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>By ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>46154 +/- 8295</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>By ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Longissimus Thoracis Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>49300 +/- 7605</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>By ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>34912.272</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Whole milk</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>NRC. 1989. Recommended Dietary Allowances.  10th ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>31000 - 43000</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Gaucheron F: The minerals of milk. Reprod Nutr Dev. 2005 Jul-Aug;45(4):473-83. doi: 10.1051/rnd:2005030.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>16045895</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>38876.371</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Park, Y. W; Juárez, Manuela ; Ramos, M.; Haenlein, G. F. W.. Physico-chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Ruminant Res.(2007) 68:88-113   doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.013</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>35039.887</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Auldist MJ, Walsh BJ, Thomson NA: Seasonal and lactational influences on bovine milk composition in New Zealand. J Dairy Res. 1998 Aug;65(3):401-11.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>9718493</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>37853.308</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Auldist MJ, Walsh BJ, Thomson NA: Seasonal and lactational influences on bovine milk composition in New Zealand. J Dairy Res. 1998 Aug;65(3):401-11.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>9718493</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>38876.371</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Auldist MJ, Walsh BJ, Thomson NA: Seasonal and lactational influences on bovine milk composition in New Zealand. J Dairy Res. 1998 Aug;65(3):401-11.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>9718493</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>39387.902</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Auldist MJ, Walsh BJ, Thomson NA: Seasonal and lactational influences on bovine milk composition in New Zealand. J Dairy Res. 1998 Aug;65(3):401-11.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>9718493</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>40155.199</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Auldist MJ, Walsh BJ, Thomson NA: Seasonal and lactational influences on bovine milk composition in New Zealand. J Dairy Res. 1998 Aug;65(3):401-11.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>9718493</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>40666.73</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Auldist MJ, Walsh BJ, Thomson NA: Seasonal and lactational influences on bovine milk composition in New Zealand. J Dairy Res. 1998 Aug;65(3):401-11.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>9718493</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>41178.261</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Auldist MJ, Walsh BJ, Thomson NA: Seasonal and lactational influences on bovine milk composition in New Zealand. J Dairy Res. 1998 Aug;65(3):401-11.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>9718493</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>27763 +/- 5593</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>1% milk by ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>32800 +/- 2591</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>2% milk by ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>35991 +/- 3736</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>3.25% milk by ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>33641 +/- 811</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Skim milk by ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>35400 - 40600</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw. colostrum (1-5d)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Tsioulpas A, Grandison AS, Lewis MJ: Changes in physical properties of bovine milk from the colostrum period to early lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2007 Nov;90(11):5012-7. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0192.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>17954740</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>35500 - 42400</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk, fresh whole milk (early lactation)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Tsioulpas A, Grandison AS, Lewis MJ: Changes in physical properties of bovine milk from the colostrum period to early lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2007 Nov;90(11):5012-7. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0192.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>17954740</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>38620.605 - 42457.0889</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Gaucheron F: Milk and dairy products: a unique micronutrient combination. J Am Coll Nutr. 2011 Oct;30(5 Suppl 1):400S-9S.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22081685</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>35551.418</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, filled, fluid, with blend of hydrogenated vegetable oils</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>35551.418</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, filled, fluid, with lauric acid oil</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>38364.839</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, fluid, 1% fat, without added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>42457.0889</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, fluid, nonfat, calcium fortified (fat free or skim)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>64708.696</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, low sodium, fluid</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>46037.807</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, lowfat, fluid, 1% milkfat, protein fortified, with added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>41434.0265</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, lowfat, fluid, 1% milkfat, with added nonfat milk solids, vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>38364.839</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, lowfat, fluid, 1% milkfat, with added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>46549.338</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, nonfat, fluid, protein fortified, with added vitamin A and vitamin D (fat free and skim)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>43735.917</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, nonfat, fluid, with added nonfat milk solids, vitamin A and vitamin D (fat free or skim)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>39899.433</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, nonfat, fluid, with added vitamin A and vitamin D (fat free or skim)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>39899.433</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, nonfat, fluid, without added vitamin A and vitamin D (fat free or skim)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>39132.136</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, partly skim, conventional (not organic), 1.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>39132.136</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, partly skim, organic, 1.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>38620.605</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, producer, fluid, 3.7% milkfat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>46549.338</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, reduced fat, fluid, 2% milkfat, protein fortified, with added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>41434.0265</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, reduced fat, fluid, 2% milkfat, with added nonfat milk solids and vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>46549.338</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, reduced fat, fluid, 2% milkfat, with added nonfat milk solids, without added vitamin A</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>35807.183</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, reduced fat, fluid, 2% milkfat, with added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>35807.183</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, reduced fat, fluid, 2% milkfat, without added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>40410.964</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Skim milk</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>40155.199</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, skim, 0.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>40410.964</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, skim, organic</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>33761.0587</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, whole, 3.25% milkfat, with added vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>33761.0587</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, whole, 3.25% milkfat, without added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>37853.308</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, whole, 3.5, (UHT), % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>36830.246</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, whole, conventional (not organic), 3.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>36830.246</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, whole, organic, 3.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>39878 +/- 6579</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>By ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>18120 +/- 153</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow, no barley grains in diet. Metabolite measured by ICP-MS.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Semimembranosus Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>51519 +/- 7094</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>By ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Testis</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>48919 +/- 8298</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>By ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB003521</foodb_id>
  <kegg_id>C00238</kegg_id>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id>813</pubchem_compound_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id>29103</chebi_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <bigg_id>34349</bigg_id>
  <wikipedia_id>Potassium</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id>3197</metlin_id>
  <synthesis_reference>Alberti, Augusto.  Recovering potassium salts from the refuse liquor of the manufacture of tartaric acid.    (1910),     US  957295  19100510  CAN 4:13164  AN 1910:13164</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Gaucheron F: The minerals of milk. Reprod Nutr Dev. 2005 Jul-Aug;45(4):473-83. doi: 10.1051/rnd:2005030.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>16045895</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Tsioulpas A, Grandison AS, Lewis MJ: Changes in physical properties of bovine milk from the colostrum period to early lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2007 Nov;90(11):5012-7. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0192.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>17954740</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Auldist MJ, Walsh BJ, Thomson NA: Seasonal and lactational influences on bovine milk composition in New Zealand. J Dairy Res. 1998 Aug;65(3):401-11.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>9718493</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Gaucheron F: Milk and dairy products: a unique micronutrient combination. J Am Coll Nutr. 2011 Oct;30(5 Suppl 1):400S-9S.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>22081685</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>NRC. 1989. Recommended Dietary Allowances.  10th ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Park, Y. W; Juárez, Manuela ; Ramos, M.; Haenlein, G. F. W.. Physico-chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Ruminant Res.(2007) 68:88-113   doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.013</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>A. Foroutan et al. The Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk (in preparation)</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00145</protein_accession>
      <name>Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q08DA1</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ATP1A1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00158</protein_accession>
      <name>Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2</name>
      <uniprot_id>A2VDL6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ATP1A2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00174</protein_accession>
      <name>S-adenosylmethionine synthase</name>
      <uniprot_id>A7E3T7</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>MAT2A</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00371</protein_accession>
      <name>Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrial</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q29RZ0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ACAT1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00403</protein_accession>
      <name>S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q2KJC6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>MAT1A</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00432</protein_accession>
      <name>GMP reductase 2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q32L93</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>GMPR2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00449</protein_accession>
      <name>M1-type pyruvate kinase</name>
      <uniprot_id>B3IVN4</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PKM</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00457</protein_accession>
      <name>Pyruvate kinase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q3ZC87</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PKM2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00465</protein_accession>
      <name>Pyruvate kinase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q1JPG7</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PKLR</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00497</protein_accession>
      <name>Pyruvate kinase</name>
      <uniprot_id>A5D984</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PKM</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00505</protein_accession>
      <name>Tubulin--tyrosine ligase</name>
      <uniprot_id>P38584</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>TTL</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00637</protein_accession>
      <name>2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, mitochondrial</name>
      <uniprot_id>P11178</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>BCKDHA</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00999</protein_accession>
      <name>GMP reductase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q08DA2</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>GMPR</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01002</protein_accession>
      <name>Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q3SWY3</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>IMPDH2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01003</protein_accession>
      <name>Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>A0JNA3</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>IMPDH1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01031</protein_accession>
      <name>Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q28030</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ATP1B2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01032</protein_accession>
      <name>Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q3T0C6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ATP1B3</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01033</protein_accession>
      <name>Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q04645</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>FXYD2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01205</protein_accession>
      <name>Cyclin-dependent kinase 2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q5E9Y0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>CDK2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01244</protein_accession>
      <name>Caseinolytic peptidase B protein homolog</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q5E9N5</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>CLPB</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01344</protein_accession>
      <name>Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q28204</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNMA1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01818</protein_accession>
      <name>Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2</name>
      <uniprot_id>P41985</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>CHRM2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01820</protein_accession>
      <name>Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3</name>
      <uniprot_id>P41984</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>CHRM3</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01825</protein_accession>
      <name>Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4</name>
      <uniprot_id>P41986</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>CHRM4</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02170</protein_accession>
      <name>Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit beta-1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q28067</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNMB1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02268</protein_accession>
      <name>ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 1 polypeptide</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q3ZCH8</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ATP1B1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02278</protein_accession>
      <name>Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q28139</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>SLC24A1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02279</protein_accession>
      <name>Protein ATP1B4</name>
      <uniprot_id>A7MB71</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ATP1B4</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02283</protein_accession>
      <name>Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta</name>
      <uniprot_id>A6QLL5</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ATP1B2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02602</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q08D94</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNN4</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02603</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A regulatory beta subunit 3</name>
      <uniprot_id>A2VDT0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNAB3</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02604</protein_accession>
      <name>KCNK2 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q0VCD1</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNK2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02605</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 12</name>
      <uniprot_id>A2VDS5</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNJ12</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02606</protein_accession>
      <name>KCNA2 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A6H7J0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNA2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02607</protein_accession>
      <name>BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD18</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q29RJ0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD18</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02608</protein_accession>
      <name>Large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel alpha subunit isoform A</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q5G273</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>Kcnma1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02609</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related family, member 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q2KHV0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNE1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02610</protein_accession>
      <name>BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD4</name>
      <uniprot_id>A6H6X4</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD4</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02611</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11</name>
      <uniprot_id>A2VDS4</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNJ11</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02612</protein_accession>
      <name>KCNF1 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A4FV89</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNF1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02613</protein_accession>
      <name>BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q2HJ48</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02614</protein_accession>
      <name>Large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel alpha subunit isoform B</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q5G272</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>Kcnma1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02615</protein_accession>
      <name>KCNC1 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A7E3B1</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNC1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02616</protein_accession>
      <name>CDKN1B protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A6QLS3</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>CDKN1B</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02617</protein_accession>
      <name>Small conductance potassium channel type2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q766U8</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>SK2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02618</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 16</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q0VD28</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNJ16</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02619</protein_accession>
      <name>Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta-2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q27955</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNAB2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02620</protein_accession>
      <name>KCTD9 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A6QQG5</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD9</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02621</protein_accession>
      <name>BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD5</name>
      <uniprot_id>A5PKG7</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD5</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02622</protein_accession>
      <name>BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD15</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q0VD00</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD15</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02623</protein_accession>
      <name>Protein S100-B</name>
      <uniprot_id>P02638</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>S100B</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02624</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q05037</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNA4</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02625</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>O18965</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNH1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02626</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium channel subfamily U member 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>C6KH61</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNU1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02627</protein_accession>
      <name>Calsenilin</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q17QD9</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNIP3</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02628</protein_accession>
      <name>Inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir6.1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q8WMF2</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name/>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02629</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 3</name>
      <uniprot_id>P58126</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNQ3</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02630</protein_accession>
      <name>KCNJ15 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A5PJL2</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNJ15</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02631</protein_accession>
      <name>Voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.4</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q9GLF1</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name/>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02632</protein_accession>
      <name>MinK-related peptide 3</name>
      <uniprot_id>A2VDV8</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNE4</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02633</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q4ZHA6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNB2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02634</protein_accession>
      <name>Small conductance potassium channel type2 variant2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q766U7</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>SK2 variant2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02635</protein_accession>
      <name>BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD11</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q58DF7</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD11</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02636</protein_accession>
      <name>KCTD6 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A6QLT0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD6</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02637</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium channel subfamily K member 2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q8HY88</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNK2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02638</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium voltage-gated channel shaker-related subfamily 5</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q56G64</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNA5</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02639</protein_accession>
      <name>Inward rectifier potassium channel 2</name>
      <uniprot_id>O19182</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNJ2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02640</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium channel regulatory protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q863D4</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNRG</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02641</protein_accession>
      <name>SH3KBP1-binding protein 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>A3KMV1</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>SHKBP1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02642</protein_accession>
      <name>KCNJ10 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A2VDQ4</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNJ10</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02643</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M beta member 3</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q1RMW7</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNMB3</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02644</protein_accession>
      <name>KCNH8-like protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q5BLU6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name/>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02645</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, beta member 2, transcript variant 2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q58HC3</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNAB2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02646</protein_accession>
      <name>G-protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channel</name>
      <uniprot_id>P79109</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name/>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02647</protein_accession>
      <name>Trimeric intracellular cation channel type A</name>
      <uniprot_id>A4FV75</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>TMEM38A</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02648</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium voltage-gated channel delayed rectifier subfamily S member 3</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q5BLW6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNS3</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02649</protein_accession>
      <name>ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q4TZY1</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNJ12</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02650</protein_accession>
      <name>TSC complex subunit 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>A6QQZ6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>TSC1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02651</protein_accession>
      <name>Mu-type opioid receptor</name>
      <uniprot_id>P79350</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>OPRM1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02652</protein_accession>
      <name>Voltage-gated potassium channel KCNC1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q5BN36</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNC1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02653</protein_accession>
      <name>KCTD10 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A6QLV6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD10</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02654</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium channel (BGK5)</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q08635</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name/>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02655</protein_accession>
      <name>KCTD17 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A7YWL3</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD17</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02656</protein_accession>
      <name>Kv channel-interacting protein 4</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q2KI69</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNIP4</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02657</protein_accession>
      <name>Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta-1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q4PJK1</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNAB1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02658</protein_accession>
      <name>BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD7</name>
      <uniprot_id>A4IFB4</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD7</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02659</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium channel subfamily K member 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q0P5A0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNK1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02660</protein_accession>
      <name>KCNAB1 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A6QPP0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNAB1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02661</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel J8</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q2KHY6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNJ8</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02662</protein_accession>
      <name>BAK5=DELAYED rectifier potassium channel KV1.5 homolog</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q9TS07</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name/>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02663</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium channel subfamily K member</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q8HZT2</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNK17</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02664</protein_accession>
      <name>Trimeric intracellular cation channel type B</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q0VC58</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>TMEM38B</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02665</protein_accession>
      <name>BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD19</name>
      <uniprot_id>A7YWH3</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD19</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02666</protein_accession>
      <name>KCTD20 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A7MB65</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD20</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02667</protein_accession>
      <name>BTB/POZ domain-containing adapter for CUL3-mediated RhoA degradation protein 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q2T9W0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCTD13</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02668</protein_accession>
      <name>High conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, MAXI-K channel</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q9TS86</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name/>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02669</protein_accession>
      <name>Kappa-type opioid receptor</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q2KIP6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>OPRK1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02670</protein_accession>
      <name>Protein S100-A1</name>
      <uniprot_id>P02639</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>S100A1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02671</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily V member 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q0P583</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNV1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02672</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q2NKS7</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNE2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02673</protein_accession>
      <name>Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q52PG9</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCND1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02674</protein_accession>
      <name>KCNH2 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A5PKI1</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>KCNH2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
