<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:34:17 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-11 20:37:27 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0000650</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB00650</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>D-Alpha-aminobutyric acid</name>
  <description>D-alpha-Aminobutyric acid, also known as a-aminobutyrate or (R)-2-aminobutanoic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as d-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the D-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom. D-alpha-Aminobutyric acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(2R)-2-Aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-2-Aminobutanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-2-Aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>D-(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>D-2-Aminobutanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>D-2-Aminobuttersaeure</synonym>
    <synonym>D-2-Aminobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>D-2-Aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(2R)-2-Aminobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-2-Aminobutanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-2-Aminobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Aminobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Aminobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>Α-aminobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>Α-aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>D-(-)-2-Aminobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>D-2-Aminobutanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>D-a-Aminobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>D-a-Aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>D-alpha-Aminobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>D-Α-aminobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>D-Α-aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(2R)-2-Aminobutanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(2R)-2-Aminobutanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-2-Amino-butanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(R)-2-Amino-butanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-(-)-2-Aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-2-Aminobutanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-2-Aminobutanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-2-Aminobuttersaeure</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-2-Aminobutyrate</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-2-Aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-alpha-Aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2R-Amino-butanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(2S)-2-Aminobutanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Aminobutyric acid, (S)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Butyrine, (S)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>L-2-Aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Homoalanine</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Aminobutyric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Aminobutanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Aminobutyric acid, (+-)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Butyrine, (R)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Butyrine</synonym>
    <synonym>Butyrine, (+-)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>L-Homoalanine</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Aminobutyric acid, (R)-isomer</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C4H9NO2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>103.1198</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>103.063328537</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2R)-2-aminobutanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>D-2-aminobutyric acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>2623-91-8</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC[C@@H](N)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c1-2-3(5)4(6)7/h3H,2,5H2,1H3,(H,6,7)/t3-/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>QWCKQJZIFLGMSD-GSVOUGTGSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as d-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the D-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic acids and derivatives</super_class>
    <class>Carboxylic acids and derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Amino acids, peptides, and analogues</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>D-alpha-amino acids</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Amino acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Fatty acids and conjugates</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monoalkylamines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Amino acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>D-alpha-amino acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary aliphatic amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary amine</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Amino fatty acids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Amino fatty acids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>D-alpha-amino acid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>alpha-aminobutyric acid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>water_solubility</kind>
      <value>278 mg/mL</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-2.55</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>0.54</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-2.3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>2.62</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>9.53</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(2R)-2-aminobutanoic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>103.1198</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>103.063328537</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>CC[C@@H](N)C(O)=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C4H9NO2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c1-2-3(5)4(6)7/h3H,2,5H2,1H3,(H,6,7)/t3-/m1/s1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>QWCKQJZIFLGMSD-GSVOUGTGSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>63.32</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>25.02</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>10.38</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1400</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6620</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>37674</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>136343</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>144077</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1071617</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1071618</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1071620</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1455</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144690</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144691</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144692</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144693</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144694</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144695</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144696</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144697</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144698</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144699</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144700</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144701</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144702</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144703</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144704</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144705</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144706</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144707</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144708</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>144709</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>885</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>886</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>887</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4315</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4316</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4317</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4318</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4319</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4320</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4321</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4322</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4323</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4324</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4325</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4326</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4327</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4328</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4329</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4330</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>248754</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>248755</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>248756</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>268695</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>268696</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>268697</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Commercial milk, by CIL LC-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mung D, Li L: Development of Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS for Milk Metabolomics: Comprehensive and Quantitative Profiling of the Amine/Phenol Submetabolome. Anal Chem. 2017 Apr 18;89(8):4435-4443. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03737. Epub 2017 Mar 28.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>28306241</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Placenta</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <kegg_id>C02261</kegg_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB012680</foodb_id>
  <chemspider_id>388757</chemspider_id>
  <drugbank_id>DB04454</drugbank_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>439691</pubchem_compound_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id>28797</chebi_id>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>CPD0-1952</meta_cyc_id>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>Alpha-Aminobutyric acid</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Mung D, Li L: Development of Chemical Isotope Labeling LC-MS for Milk Metabolomics: Comprehensive and Quantitative Profiling of the Amine/Phenol Submetabolome. Anal Chem. 2017 Apr 18;89(8):4435-4443. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03737. Epub 2017 Mar 28.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>28306241</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
