<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:36:52 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-21 16:29:05 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0000807</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB00807</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>3-Phosphoglyceric acid</name>
  <description>3-Phosphoglyceric acid, also known as glycerate 3-phosphate or 3-PG, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group. 3-Phosphoglyceric acid is possibly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 3-Phosphoglyceric acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>3-(Dihydrogen phosphate)glycerate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-(Dihydrogen phosphate)glyceric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phosphoglycerate</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-Glycerate 3-phosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>Glycerate 3-phosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>Glycerate 3-phosphates</synonym>
    <synonym>Glyceric acid 3-phosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-(Dihydrogen phosphoric acid)glyceric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-Glyceric acid 3-phosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Glyceric acid 3-phosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Glyceric acid 3-phosphates</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Glycerophosphorate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Glycerophosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3-p-D-Glycerate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-p-Glycerate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-PG</synonym>
    <synonym>3-PGA</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phospho-(R)-glycerate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phospho-D-glycerate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phospho-glycerate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phospho-glyceric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>D-(-)-3-Phosphoglyceric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>D-Glycerate 3-phosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>G3P</synonym>
    <synonym>Glycerate-3-p</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphoglycerate</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phosphoglycerate, trisodium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phosphoglycerate, (R)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Phosphoglycerate, monosodium salt</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C3H7O7P</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>186.0572</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>185.99293909</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>phosphoglycerate</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>820-11-1</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC(COP(O)(O)=O)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C3H7O7P/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10-11(7,8)9/h2,4H,1H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9)</inchi>
  <inchikey>OSJPPGNTCRNQQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic oxygen compounds</super_class>
    <class>Organooxygen compounds</class>
    <sub_class>Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Sugar acids and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monoalkyl phosphates</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monosaccharides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl phosphate</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Glyceric_acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxy acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Monoalkyl phosphate</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Monosaccharide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic phosphoric acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Phosphoric acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>monophosphoglyceric acid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>tetronic acid derivative</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-2.26</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-0.95</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-1.6</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>1.3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-4.2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>2-hydroxy-3-(phosphonooxy)propanoic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>186.0572</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>185.99293909</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>OC(COP(O)(O)=O)C(O)=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C3H7O7P</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C3H7O7P/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10-11(7,8)9/h2,4H,1H2,(H,5,6)(H2,7,8,9)</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>OSJPPGNTCRNQQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>124.29</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>31.26</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>13.29</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>6</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Gluconeogenesis</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087223</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Glycerolipid Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087230</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Glycine and Serine Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087245</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Glycolysis</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087222</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Starch and Sucrose Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087252</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Warburg Effect</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087270</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1494</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>869</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>870</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>871</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2541</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>32012</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>37777</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>99608</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>153506</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1077405</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1077407</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1077409</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1077410</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1077412</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1077414</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1077416</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1077418</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1077420</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1077421</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1077422</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1077424</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1077426</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1550</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20862</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20863</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20864</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20865</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20866</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20867</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20868</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20869</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20870</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20871</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20872</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20873</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20874</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20875</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20876</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20877</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20878</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20879</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20880</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>20881</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>166323</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>166413</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>166414</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>166640</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1152</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1153</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1154</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4687</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4688</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4689</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4690</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>178401</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>178402</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>178403</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>180720</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>180721</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>180722</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>446705</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>446706</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>446707</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>446708</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>451920</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2236530</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2236825</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2238633</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2238959</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2240594</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2242721</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2391544</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Metabolomics analysis was performed using GC-MS/LC-MS in multiparous Holstein dairy cows</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Shahzad K, Lopreiato V, Liang Y, Trevisi E, Osorio JS, Xu C, Loor JJ: Hepatic metabolomics and transcriptomics to study susceptibility to ketosis in response to prepartal nutritional management. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2019 Dec 18;10:96. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0404-z. eCollection 2019.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31867104</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Fermented milk, by capillary electrophoresis-TOFMS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Hagi T, Kobayashi M, Nomura M: Metabolome analysis of milk fermented by gamma-aminobutyric acid-producing Lactococcus lactis. J Dairy Sci. 2016 Feb;99(2):994-1001. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-9945. Epub 2015 Dec 10.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>26686724</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Melzer N, Wittenburg D, Hartwig S, Jakubowski S, Kesting U, Willmitzer L, Lisec J, Reinsch N, Repsilber D: Investigating associations between milk metabolite profiles and milk traits of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Mar;96(3):1521-34. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5743.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23438684</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Placenta</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Prostate Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <foodb_id>FDB022255</foodb_id>
  <chemspider_id>704</chemspider_id>
  <kegg_id>C00597</kegg_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>724</pubchem_compound_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id>17050</chebi_id>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>3-Phosphoglyceric_acid</wikipedia_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00007286</knapsack_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <bigg_id>34230</bigg_id>
  <metlin_id>150</metlin_id>
  <synthesis_reference>Jakoby, Wm. B.; Brummond, Dewey O.; Ochoa, Severo.  Formation of 3-phosphoglyceric acid by carbon dioxide fixation with spinach-leaf enzymes.    Journal of Biological Chemistry  (1956),  218  811-22.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Melzer N, Wittenburg D, Hartwig S, Jakubowski S, Kesting U, Willmitzer L, Lisec J, Reinsch N, Repsilber D: Investigating associations between milk metabolite profiles and milk traits of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Mar;96(3):1521-34. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5743.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>23438684</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Hagi T, Kobayashi M, Nomura M: Metabolome analysis of milk fermented by gamma-aminobutyric acid-producing Lactococcus lactis. J Dairy Sci. 2016 Feb;99(2):994-1001. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-9945. Epub 2015 Dec 10.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>26686724</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00919</protein_accession>
      <name>Phosphoglycerate mutase 2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q32KV0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PGAM2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00920</protein_accession>
      <name>Bisphosphoglycerate mutase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q3T014</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>BPGM</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00921</protein_accession>
      <name>Phosphoglycerate mutase 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q3SZ62</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PGAM1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01072</protein_accession>
      <name>D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q5EAD2</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PHGDH</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01141</protein_accession>
      <name>Glycerate kinase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q2KJF7</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>GLYCTK</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01150</protein_accession>
      <name>Phosphoglycerate kinase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q58DJ6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PGK1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01160</protein_accession>
      <name>Phosphoglycerate kinase 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q3T0P6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PGK1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01168</protein_accession>
      <name>Phosphoglycerate kinase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q32KN6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PGK2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01212</protein_accession>
      <name>Pantothenate kinase 3</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q08DA5</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PANK3</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01248</protein_accession>
      <name>Phosphoglycerate kinase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q862Q5</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name/>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02984</protein_accession>
      <name>PGM2L1 protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>A5PKH8</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PGM2L1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
