1.0 2016-09-30 22:37:08 UTC 2020-06-04 20:41:37 UTC BMDB0000824 BMDB00824 Propionylcarnitine Propionylcarnitine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl carnitines. These are organic compounds containing a fatty acid with the carboxylic acid attached to carnitine through an ester bond. Thus, propionylcarnitine is considered to be a fatty ester lipid molecule. Propionylcarnitine is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Propionylcarnitine participates in a number of enzymatic reactions, within cattle. In particular, Propionylcarnitine can be biosynthesized from propionyl-CoA and L-carnitine; which is mediated by the enzyme carnitine O-acetyltransferase. In addition, Propionylcarnitine can be biosynthesized from propionyl-CoA and L-carnitine through its interaction with the enzyme carnitine O-acetyltransferase. In cattle, propionylcarnitine is involved in the metabolic pathway called the oxidation OF branched-chain fatty acids pathway. Propionylcarnitine is a potentially toxic compound. Propionylcarnitine has been found to be associated with several diseases known as crohn's disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, and obesity; also propionylcarnitine has been linked to several inborn metabolic disorders including propionic acidemia and celiac disease. 3-Carboxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-2-(1-oxopropoxy)-1-propanaminium inner salt O-Propionylcarnitine Propionyl carnitine (+/-)-propionylcarnitine chloride (3-Carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethyl-hydroxide ammonium inner salt L-Propionylcarnitine O-Propanoylcarnitine Propionyl-carnitine Propionyl-L-carnitine Propionylcarnitine, (+-)-isomer Propionylcarnitine, (R)-isomer C10H19NO4 217.2622 217.131408101 3-(propanoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate propionyl-L-carnitine 17298-37-2 CCC(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C InChI=1S/C10H19NO4/c1-5-10(14)15-8(6-9(12)13)7-11(2,3)4/h8H,5-7H2,1-4H3 UFAHZIUFPNSHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyl carnitines. These are organic compounds containing a fatty acid with the carboxylic acid attached to carnitine through an ester bond. Organic compounds Lipids and lipid-like molecules Fatty Acyls Fatty acid esters Acyl carnitines Amines Carbonyl compounds Carboxylic acid esters Carboxylic acid salts Carboxylic acids Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives Hydrocarbon derivatives Organic oxides Organic salts Organopnictogen compounds Tetraalkylammonium salts Acyl-carnitine Aliphatic acyclic compound Amine Carbonyl group Carboxylic acid Carboxylic acid derivative Carboxylic acid ester Carboxylic acid salt Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives Hydrocarbon derivative Organic nitrogen compound Organic oxide Organic oxygen compound Organic salt Organonitrogen compound Organooxygen compound Organopnictogen compound Quaternary ammonium salt Tetraalkylammonium salt Aliphatic acyclic compounds Fatty acyl carnitines O-acylcarnitine Solid logp -2.27 ALOGPS logs -3.25 ALOGPS logp -3.7 ChemAxon pka_strongest_acidic 4.19 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic -7.1 ChemAxon iupac 3-(propanoyloxy)-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate ChemAxon average_mass 217.2622 ChemAxon mono_mass 217.131408101 ChemAxon smiles CCC(=O)OC(CC([O-])=O)C[N+](C)(C)C ChemAxon formula C10H19NO4 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C10H19NO4/c1-5-10(14)15-8(6-9(12)13)7-11(2,3)4/h8H,5-7H2,1-4H3 ChemAxon inchikey UFAHZIUFPNSHSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 66.43 ChemAxon refractivity 77.26 ChemAxon polarizability 22.72 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 7 ChemAxon acceptor_count 3 ChemAxon donor_count 0 ChemAxon physiological_charge 0 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon number_of_rings 0 ChemAxon bioavailability 1 ChemAxon rule_of_five Yes ChemAxon ghose_filter Yes ChemAxon veber_rule Yes ChemAxon mddr_like_rule Yes ChemAxon Oxidation of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids SMP0087255 Blood 0.06 +/- 0.03 uM Detected by DFI-MS/MS (P180) 4 week before parturition Hailemariam D, Mandal R, Saleem F, Dunn SM, Wishart DS, Ametaj BN: Identification of predictive biomarkers of disease state in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2014 May;97(5):2680-93. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-6803. Epub 2014 Mar 13. 24630653 Blood 0.2 +/- 0.04 uM By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Blood Detected by ESI-MS/MS in male Charolais x Holstein cows. Weikard R, Altmaier E, Suhre K, Weinberger KM, Hammon HM, Albrecht E, Setoguchi K, Takasuga A, Kuhn C: Metabolomic profiles indicate distinct physiological pathways affected by two loci with major divergent effect on Bos taurus growth and lipid deposition. Physiol Genomics. 2010 Oct;42A(2):79-88. doi: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00120.2010. Epub 2010 Jul 20. 20647382 Blood Detected by DFI-MS/MS (P180) in periparturient Holstein cows. Hailemariam D, Mandal R, Saleem F, Dunn SM, Wishart DS, Ametaj BN: Identification of predictive biomarkers of disease state in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2014 May;97(5):2680-93. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-6803. Epub 2014 Mar 13. 24630653 Liver Metabolomics analysis was performed using GC-MS/LC-MS in multiparous Holstein dairy cows Shahzad K, Lopreiato V, Liang Y, Trevisi E, Osorio JS, Xu C, Loor JJ: Hepatic metabolomics and transcriptomics to study susceptibility to ketosis in response to prepartal nutritional management. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2019 Dec 18;10:96. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0404-z. eCollection 2019. 31867104 Liver 3 +/- 1 nmol/g of tissue By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Longissimus Thoracis Muscle 6 +/- 2 nmol/g of tissue By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Milk Detected but not quantified in conventional whole milk Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff and John A. Ryals. Characterization of the biochemical variability of bovine milk using metabolomics. Metabolomics (2009) 5:375?386 Milk Commercial, conventional whole milk Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff, John A. Ryals. Characterization of the biochemical variability of bovine milk using metabolomics. Metabolomics (2009) 5:375-386 doi: 10.1007/s11306-009-0160-8 Milk 4.1 +/- 0.1 uM Commercial 1% milk by LC-HRMS Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204. 30994344 Milk 4.4 +/- 0.1 uM Commercial 2% milk by LC-HRMS Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204. 30994344 Milk 4 +/- 1 uM Commercial 3.25% milk by LC-HRMS Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204. 30994344 Milk 3.93 +/- 0.02 uM Commercial skim milk by LC-HRMS Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204. 30994344 Placenta Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Ruminal Fluid 0.016 +/- 0.006 uM Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 0.016 uM By direct flow injection MS/MS. Daily cows fed barley grains (15% of diet dry matter) (n=8) Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7. 22959937 Ruminal Fluid 0.011 uM By direct flow injection MS/MS. Daily cows fed barley grains (30% of diet dry matter) (n=8) Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7. 22959937 Ruminal Fluid 0.023 uM By direct flow injection MS/MS. Daily cows fed barley grains (45% of diet dry matter) (n=8) Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7. 22959937 Ruminal Fluid 0.017 uM By direct flow injection MS/MS. No barley grains in diet (n=8) Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7. 22959937 Ruminal Fluid 0.017 +/- 0.01 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow fed barley grains (15% of diet dry matter). Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 0.01 +/- 0.01 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow fed barley grains (30% of diet dry matter). Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 0.02 +/- 0.01 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow fed barley grains (45% of diet dry matter). Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 0.02 +/- 0.01 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow, no barley grains in diet. Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 0.036 +/- 0.006 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow, no barley grains in diet. Metabolite measured DFI-MS/MS. Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 0.09 +/- 0.02 uM By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Semimembranosus Muscle 7 +/- 2 nmol/g of tissue By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Testis 0.6 +/- 0.2 nmol/g of tissue By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 96904 FDB022268 107738 C03017 28867 1862604 5787 Xi X, Kwok LY, Wang Y, Ma C, Mi Z, Zhang H: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry MS(E)-based untargeted milk metabolomics in dairy cows with subclinical or clinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci. 2017 Jun;100(6):4884-4896. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11939. Epub 2017 Mar 23. 28342601 Kurt J. Boudonck, Matthew W. Mitchell, Jacob Wulff and John A. Ryals. Characterization of the biochemical variability of bovine milk using metabolomics. Metabolomics (2009) 5:375?386 A. Foroutan et al. The Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk (in preparation)