<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:38:19 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 20:39:02 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0000900</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB00900</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Ergocalciferol</name>
  <description>Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D2 or viosterol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as vitamin d and derivatives. Vitamin D and derivatives are compounds containing a secosteroid backbone, usually secoergostane or secocholestane. Thus, ergocalciferol is considered to be a secosteroid lipid molecule. Ergocalciferol is a drug which is used for use in the management of hypocalcemia and its clinical manifestations in patients with hypoparathyroidism, as well as for the treatment of familial hypophosphatemia (vitamin d resistant rickets). this drug has also been used in the treatment of nutritional rickets or osteomalacia, vitamin d dependent rickets, rickets or osteomalacia secondary to long-term high dose anticonvulsant therapy, early renal osteodystrophy, osteoporosis (in conjunction with calcium), and hypophosphatemia associated with fanconi syndrome (with treatment of acidosis). Ergocalciferol exists as a solid, very hydrophobic, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral molecule. Ergocalciferol is a potentially toxic compound.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(3beta,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol</synonym>
    <synonym>(5Z,7E,22E)-(3S)-9,10-Seco-5,7,10(19),22-ergostatetraen-3-ol</synonym>
    <synonym>(5Z,7E,22E)-(3S)-9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol</synonym>
    <synonym>Activated ergosterol</synonym>
    <synonym>Calciferol</synonym>
    <synonym>Ercalciol</synonym>
    <synonym>Ergocalciferolum</synonym>
    <synonym>Oleovitamin D2</synonym>
    <synonym>Viosterol</synonym>
    <synonym>Vitamina D2</synonym>
    <synonym>Vitamin D2</synonym>
    <synonym>Drisdol</synonym>
    <synonym>(3b,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol</synonym>
    <synonym>(3Β,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol</synonym>
    <synonym>(+)-Vitamin D2</synonym>
    <synonym>(5E,7E,22E)-9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10,22-tetraen-3-ol</synonym>
    <synonym>22-Tetraen 3beta 9,10,secoergosta-5,7,10(19)-ol</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Methylene-3-[2-[tetrahydro-7a-methyl-1-(1,4,5-trimethyl-2-hexenyl)-4(3ah)-indanylidene]ethylidene]-cyclohexanol</synonym>
    <synonym>9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3b-ol</synonym>
    <synonym>beta-Ol</synonym>
    <synonym>Buco-D</synonym>
    <synonym>Calciferon 2</synonym>
    <synonym>Condacaps</synonym>
    <synonym>Condocaps</synonym>
    <synonym>Condol</synonym>
    <synonym>Crtron</synonym>
    <synonym>Crystallina</synonym>
    <synonym>D-Arthin</synonym>
    <synonym>D-Tracetten</synonym>
    <synonym>Daral</synonym>
    <synonym>Davitamon D</synonym>
    <synonym>Davitin</synonym>
    <synonym>De-rat concentrate</synonym>
    <synonym>Decaps</synonym>
    <synonym>Dee-osterol</synonym>
    <synonym>Dee-ron</synonym>
    <synonym>Dee-ronal</synonym>
    <synonym>Dee-roual</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-Arthin</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-Tracetten</synonym>
    <synonym>Deltalin</synonym>
    <synonym>Deratol</synonym>
    <synonym>Detalup</synonym>
    <synonym>Diactol</synonym>
    <synonym>Divit urto</synonym>
    <synonym>Doral</synonym>
    <synonym>Ergocalciferol oil</synonym>
    <synonym>Ergorone</synonym>
    <synonym>Ergosterol activated</synonym>
    <synonym>Ergosterol irradiated</synonym>
    <synonym>Ertron</synonym>
    <synonym>Fortodyl</synonym>
    <synonym>Geltabs</synonym>
    <synonym>Hi-deratol</synonym>
    <synonym>Infron</synonym>
    <synonym>Irradiated ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3beta-ol</synonym>
    <synonym>Metadee</synonym>
    <synonym>Mina D2</synonym>
    <synonym>Mulsiferol</synonym>
    <synonym>Mykostin</synonym>
    <synonym>Novovitamin-D</synonym>
    <synonym>Oleovitamin D</synonym>
    <synonym>Osteil</synonym>
    <synonym>Ostelin</synonym>
    <synonym>Radiostol</synonym>
    <synonym>Radstein</synonym>
    <synonym>Radsterin</synonym>
    <synonym>Rodine C</synonym>
    <synonym>Shock-ferol</synonym>
    <synonym>Shock-ferol sterogyl</synonym>
    <synonym>Sterogyl</synonym>
    <synonym>Synthetic vitamin D</synonym>
    <synonym>Uvesterol D</synonym>
    <synonym>Uvesterol-D</synonym>
    <synonym>Vio D</synonym>
    <synonym>Vio-D</synonym>
    <synonym>Viostdrol</synonym>
    <synonym>Viosterol in oil</synonym>
    <synonym>Vitavel-D</synonym>
    <synonym>Calciferols</synonym>
    <synonym>Ergocalciferols</synonym>
    <synonym>D2, Vitamin</synonym>
    <synonym>Vitamin D 2</synonym>
    <synonym>Ergocalciferol</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C28H44O</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>396.6484</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>396.33921603</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(1S,3Z)-3-{2-[(1R,3aS,4E,7aR)-1-[(2R,3E,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-octahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>ergocalciferol</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>50-14-6</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])\C(CCC[C@]12C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C)[C@H](C)\C=C\[C@H](C)C(C)C</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C28H44O/c1-19(2)20(3)9-10-22(5)26-15-16-27-23(8-7-17-28(26,27)6)12-13-24-18-25(29)14-11-21(24)4/h9-10,12-13,19-20,22,25-27,29H,4,7-8,11,14-18H2,1-3,5-6H3/b10-9+,23-12+,24-13-/t20-,22+,25-,26+,27-,28+/m0/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as vitamin d and derivatives. Vitamin D and derivatives are compounds containing a secosteroid backbone, usually secoergostane or secocholestane.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Steroids and steroid derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Vitamin D and derivatives</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Vitamin D and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Cyclic alcohols and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Triterpenoids</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Cyclic alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Triterpenoid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Fat-soluble vitamins</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Vitamin D2 and derivatives</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Vitamin D2 and derivatives</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>hydroxy seco-steroid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>seco-ergostane</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>vitamin D</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>116.5 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>water_solubility</kind>
      <value>0.05 mg/mL</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>7.59</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-5.96</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>7.05</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>18.38</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-1.3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(1S,3Z)-3-{2-[(1R,3aS,4E,7aR)-1-[(2R,3E,5R)-5,6-dimethylhept-3-en-2-yl]-7a-methyl-octahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene}-4-methylidenecyclohexan-1-ol</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>396.6484</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>396.33921603</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])\C(CCC[C@]12C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C)[C@H](C)\C=C\[C@H](C)C(C)C</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C28H44O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C28H44O/c1-19(2)20(3)9-10-22(5)26-15-16-27-23(8-7-17-28(26,27)6)12-13-24-18-25(29)14-11-21(24)4/h9-10,12-13,19-20,22,25-27,29H,4,7-8,11,14-18H2,1-3,5-6H3/b10-9+,23-12+,24-13-/t20-,22+,25-,26+,27-,28+/m0/s1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>MECHNRXZTMCUDQ-RKHKHRCZSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>20.23</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>128.89</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>50.72</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>5</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1534</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1593</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2233</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>12356</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31259</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>37831</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>148015</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1081137</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1277</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1278</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1279</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>4826</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>254724</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>254725</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>254726</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>274665</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>274666</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>274667</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>448217</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2295135</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2295136</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2295137</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2640622</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2640623</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2640624</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Bladder</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Brain</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Epidermis</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Fibroblasts</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Intestine</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Kidney</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.000126</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, partly skim, conventional (not organic), 1.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=33&amp;2</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.000126</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, partly skim, organic, 1.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=1154&amp;2</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.000176</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, s</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=1049&amp;2</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.00192</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, skim, 0.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=1066&amp;2</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.000176</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Skim milk, organic</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=1048&amp;2</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.00252</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, whole, 3.5, (UHT), % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=1265&amp;2</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.000227</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, whole, conventional (not organic), 3.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=6&amp;2</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.000202</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, whole, organic, 3.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=1266&amp;2</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.0003 +/- 0.0001</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Quantified by LC-MS/MS in 1% milk</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.0003 +/- 0.0002</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Quantified by LC-MS/MS in 2% milk</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.0003 +/- 0.0001</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Quantified by LC-MS/MS in 3.25% milk</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.0003 +/- 0.0001</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Quantified by LC-MS/MS in skim milk</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.000504</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Pirjo H. Mattila, Vieno I. Piironen, Esko J. Uusi-Rauva, and Pekka E. Koivistoinen. 1995. Contents of Cholecalciferol, Ergocalciferol, and Their 25-Hydroxylated Metabolites in Milk Products and Raw Meat and Liver As Determined by HPLC. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43 (9), pp 2394–2399</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Neuron</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ovary</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Pancreas</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Placenta</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Prostate Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Skeletal Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Spleen</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Testis</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <kegg_id>C05441</kegg_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>5280793</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chemspider_id>4444351</chemspider_id>
  <drugbank_id>DB00153</drugbank_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB012811</foodb_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id>28934</chebi_id>
  <meta_cyc_id>VITAMIN_D2</meta_cyc_id>
  <wikipedia_id>Ergocalciferol</wikipedia_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <bigg_id>2289183</bigg_id>
  <metlin_id>5856</metlin_id>
  <synthesis_reference>Okabe, Masami. Vitamin D2 from ergosterol (9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol,(3b)- from ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol,(3b)-). Organic Syntheses (1999), 76 275-286.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>A. Foroutan et al. The Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk (in preparation)</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Pirjo H. Mattila, Vieno I. Piironen, Esko J. Uusi-Rauva, and Pekka E. Koivistoinen. 1995. Contents of Cholecalciferol, Ergocalciferol, and Their 25-Hydroxylated Metabolites in Milk Products and Raw Meat and Liver As Determined by HPLC. J. Agric. Food Chem. 43 (9), pp 2394–2399</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=33&amp;2</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=1154&amp;2</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=1049&amp;2</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=1066&amp;2</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=1048&amp;2</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=1265&amp;2</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=6&amp;2</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/ShowFood.php?foodid=1266&amp;2</reference_text>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
