<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:43:49 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-21 16:28:29 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0001301</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB01301</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid</name>
  <description/>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>Delta(1)-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>delta(1)-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>delta(1)Pyrroline-5-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate, 14C-labeled, (+-)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Pyrroline-5-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate, (+-)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>delta-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(S)-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>D1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>D1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>L-1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>L-delta 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate</synonym>
    <synonym>Pyrroline 5-carboxylate</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C5H7NO2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>113.1146</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>113.047678473</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>2906-39-0</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC(=O)C1CCC=N1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C5H7NO2/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4/h3-4H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)</inchi>
  <inchikey>DWAKNKKXGALPNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon), or a derivative thereof.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic acids and derivatives</super_class>
    <class>Carboxylic acids and derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Amino acids, peptides, and analogues</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Alpha amino acids and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Azacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Imines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyrroline carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-amino acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Azacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Imine</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic 1,3-dipolar compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyrroline</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyrroline carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyrroline carboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>1-pyrrolinecarboxylic acid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.01</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-0.94</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-2.3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>1.82</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>6.07</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>113.1146</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>113.047678473</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>OC(=O)C1CCC=N1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C5H7NO2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C5H7NO2/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4/h3-4H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>DWAKNKKXGALPNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>49.66</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>27.4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>10.7</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Arginine and Proline Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087178</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Glutamate Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087169</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2878</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38013</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28316</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28317</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28318</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>34874</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>34875</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>34876</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1470821</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319691</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319692</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319693</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319694</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319695</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319696</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319697</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319698</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319699</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319700</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319701</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319702</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319703</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319704</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319705</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319706</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319707</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319708</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319709</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>319710</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Intestine</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB022542</foodb_id>
  <kegg_id>C04322</kegg_id>
  <chemspider_id>1159</chemspider_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id>1196</pubchem_compound_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id>1372</chebi_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00007606</knapsack_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>l-delta(1)-pyrroline_5-carboxylate</meta_cyc_id>
  <bigg_id>42766</bigg_id>
  <wikipedia_id>1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id>6145</metlin_id>
  <synthesis_reference>Vogel, Henry J.; Davis, Bernard D. Glutamic g-semialdehyde and D1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, intermediates in the biosynthesis of proline. Journal of the American Chemical Society (1952), 74 109-12.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00860</protein_accession>
      <name>Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial</name>
      <uniprot_id>A7YWE4</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ALDH4A1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00873</protein_accession>
      <name>Hydroxyproline dehydrogenase</name>
      <uniprot_id>A6QQ74</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PRODH2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01016</protein_accession>
      <name>Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 3</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q58D08</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PYCR3</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01018</protein_accession>
      <name>Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q17QJ7</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PYCR2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01024</protein_accession>
      <name>Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, mitochondrial</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q58DT4</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PYCR1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02872</protein_accession>
      <name>Proline dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q148G5</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PRODH</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
