<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:44:01 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 22:36:43 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0001315</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB01315</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Phosphorus</name>
  <description>Phosphine, also known as phosphor or 15P, belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous other non-metal compounds. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds in which the largest atom belongs to the class of 'other non-metals'. Phosphine exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and possibly neutral molecule. Phosphine exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Phosphine is a potentially toxic compound. Phosphine has been found to be associated with several diseases known as cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis and fructose intolerance, hereditary; also phosphine has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including glycerol intolerance syndrome.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>15P</synonym>
    <synonym>Fosforo</synonym>
    <synonym>P</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphor</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphore</synonym>
    <synonym>Hittorf'S phosphorus</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphorous</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphorus-30</synonym>
    <synonym>Red phosphorus</synonym>
    <synonym>Violet phosphorus</synonym>
    <synonym>White phosphorus</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphorus 31</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphorus, red</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphorus-31</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphorus, white</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphorus, black</synonym>
    <synonym>Yellow phosphorus</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphorus, yellow</synonym>
    <synonym>Black phosphorus</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphorus</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>P</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>30.9738</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>30.973761512</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>phosphanylidyne</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>phosphanylidyne</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>7723-14-0</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>[P]</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/P</inchi>
  <inchikey>OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous other non-metal compounds. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds in which the largest atom belongs to the class of 'other non-metals'.</description>
    <kingdom>Inorganic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Homogeneous non-metal compounds</super_class>
    <class>Homogeneous other non-metal compounds</class>
    <sub_class/>
    <direct_parent>Homogeneous other non-metal compounds</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Homogeneous other non metal</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework/>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>monoatomic phosphorus</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>0.3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>phosphanylidyne</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>30.9738</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>30.973761512</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>[P]</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>P</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/P</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>5.2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>1.78</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2739</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>131427</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>139161</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>178764</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>178765</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>178766</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>181083</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>181084</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>181085</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2318543</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2318544</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2318545</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Blood</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>2760</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Detected by Dacos Chemistry Analyzer in Hereford cows</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Early RJ, McBride BW, Ball RO: Growth and metabolism in somatotropin-treated steers: I. Growth, serum chemistry and carcass weights. J Anim Sci. 1990 Dec;68(12):4134-43. doi: 10.2527/1990.68124134x.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>2286555</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Blood</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>1480 +/- 20 </concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>McAdam PA, O'Dell GD: Mineral profile of blood plasma of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 1982 Jul;65(7):1219-26. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(82)82333-3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>7108016</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Blood</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>1129.989-1992.00859</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Detected by Briggs modification of the Bell-Doisy method (1922)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Arthur K. Anderson, Howard E. Gayley, Avery D. Pratt. Studies on the Chemical Composition of Bovine Blood. J. Dairy Science (1930) 13(4):336-348   doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(30)93530-8</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Blood</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>1298 +/- 164</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>By ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Brain</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Kidney</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>32820 +/- 6825</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>By ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Longissimus Thoracis Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>21915 +/- 3094</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>By ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>34994.82 +/- 530.33</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Total phosphorus in Jersey cows milk with 6.05% fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>27139.27 +/- 1425.10</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Total phosphorus in Holstein-Friesian cows milk with 3.51% fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>35190.13 +/- 550.92</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Total phosphorus in Jersey cows milk with 5.93% fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>19000 - 23000</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Gaucheron F: The minerals of milk. Reprod Nutr Dev. 2005 Jul-Aug;45(4):473-83. doi: 10.1051/rnd:2005030.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>16045895</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>29.414 +/- 530.332</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>29.414 +/- 550.921</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>12725.0159 +/- 450.0318</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>12915.0293 +/- 1008.0123</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>12965.327 +/- 374.438</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>13535.955 +/- 582.0999</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>14223.945 +/- 779.761</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>14473.669 +/- 352.378</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>15495.506 +/- 484.152</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>16420.571 +/- 366.202</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>18769.560 +/- 476.210</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>20521.154 +/- 458.268</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>26260.971 +/- 822.705</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>27139.269 +/- 1425.101</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>28460.538 +/- 684.460</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>19781 +/- 478</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>1% milk by ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>25132 +/- 1669</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>2% milk by ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>22155 +/- 2514</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>3.25% milk by ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>21317 +/- 549</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Skim milk by ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>27354.872 - 29707.979</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Gaucheron F: Milk and dairy products: a unique micronutrient combination. J Am Coll Nutr. 2011 Oct;30(5 Suppl 1):400S-9S.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22081685</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>23000 - 52800</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk, range over first 90 day in lactation</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Tsioulpas A, Grandison AS, Lewis MJ: Changes in physical properties of bovine milk from the colostrum period to early lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2007 Nov;90(11):5012-7. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0192.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>17954740</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>27943.149</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Gaucheron F: Milk and dairy products: a unique micronutrient combination. J Am Coll Nutr. 2011 Oct;30(5 Suppl 1):400S-9S.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>22081685</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>28531.426</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, filled, fluid, with blend of hydrogenated vegetable oils</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>28531.426</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, filled, fluid, with lauric acid oil</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>27943.149</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, fluid, 1% fat, without added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>29707.979</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, fluid, nonfat, calcium fortified (fat free or skim)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>25295.903</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, low sodium, fluid</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>32649.363</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, lowfat, fluid, 1% milkfat, protein fortified, with added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>35002.471</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Park, Y. W; Juárez, Manuela ; Ramos, M.; Haenlein, G. F. W. Physico-chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Ruminant Res.(2007) 68:88-113   doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.013</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>29413.841</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, lowfat, fluid, 1% milkfat, with added nonfat milk solids, vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>27943.149</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, lowfat, fluid, 1% milkfat, with added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>32943.502</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, nonfat, fluid, protein fortified, with added vitamin A and vitamin D (fat free and skim)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>30590.395</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, nonfat, fluid, with added nonfat milk solids, vitamin A and vitamin D (fat free or skim)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>29707.979</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, nonfat, fluid, with added vitamin A and vitamin D (fat free or skim)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>29707.979</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, nonfat, fluid, without added vitamin A and vitamin D (fat free or skim)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>28237.287</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, partly skim, conventional (not organic), 1.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>28237.287</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, partly skim, organic, 1.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>27354.872</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, producer, fluid, 3.7% milkfat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>32943.502</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, reduced fat, fluid, 2% milkfat, protein fortified, with added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>29413.841</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, reduced fat, fluid, 2% milkfat, with added nonfat milk solids and vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>32943.502</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, reduced fat, fluid, 2% milkfat, with added nonfat milk solids, without added vitamin A</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>27060.734</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, reduced fat, fluid, 2% milkfat, with added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>27060.734</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, reduced fat, fluid, 2% milkfat, without added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>28531.426</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Skim milk</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>28472.598</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, skim, 0.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>28531.426</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, skim, organic</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>24707.626</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, whole, 3.25% milkfat, with added vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>24707.626</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, whole, 3.25% milkfat, without added vitamin A and vitamin D</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>26178.318</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, whole, 3.5, (UHT), % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>27354.872</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, whole, conventional (not organic), 3.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>27354.872</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Milk, whole, organic, 3.5 % fat</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>26884.251 - 115684.637</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Semaghiul Birghila, Simona Dobrinas, Gabriela Stanciu and Alina Soceanu. Determination of major and minor elements in milk through ICP-AES. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal. November/December 2008, Vol.7, No.6, 805-808</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Parathyroid Gland</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>9202 +/- 64</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow, no barley grains in diet. Metabolite measured by ICP-MS.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Ruminal Fluid</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>12395 +/- 1908</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>By ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Semimembranosus Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>21818 +/- 2594</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>By ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Testis</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>15602 +/- 2618</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>By ICP-MS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <foodb_id>FDB013348</foodb_id>
  <kegg_id>C06262</kegg_id>
  <chemspider_id>4575369</chemspider_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>5462309</pubchem_compound_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id>28659</chebi_id>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>Phosphorus</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Gaucheron F: The minerals of milk. Reprod Nutr Dev. 2005 Jul-Aug;45(4):473-83. doi: 10.1051/rnd:2005030.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>16045895</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Tsioulpas A, Grandison AS, Lewis MJ: Changes in physical properties of bovine milk from the colostrum period to early lactation. J Dairy Sci. 2007 Nov;90(11):5012-7. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0192.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>17954740</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Jensen HB, Poulsen NA, Andersen KK, Hammershoj M, Poulsen HD, Larsen LB: Distinct composition of bovine milk from Jersey and Holstein-Friesian cows with good, poor, or noncoagulation properties as reflected in protein genetic variants and isoforms. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Dec;95(12):6905-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5675. Epub 2012 Oct 3.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>23040012</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Gaucheron F: Milk and dairy products: a unique micronutrient combination. J Am Coll Nutr. 2011 Oct;30(5 Suppl 1):400S-9S.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>22081685</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Semaghiul Birghila, Simona Dobrinas, Gabriela Stanciu and Alina Soceanu. Determination of major and minor elements in milk through ICP-AES. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal. November/December 2008, Vol.7, No.6, 805-808</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>A. Foroutan et al. The Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk (in preparation)</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Park, Y. W; Juárez, Manuela ; Ramos, M.; Haenlein, G. F. W. Physico-chemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Ruminant Res.(2007) 68:88-113   doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.013</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>USDA Food Composition Databases: https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/</reference_text>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Fooddata+, The Technical University of Denmark (DTU): https://frida.fooddata.dk/QueryFood.php?fn=milk&amp;lang=en</reference_text>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
