1.0 2016-09-30 22:45:36 UTC 2020-06-04 20:52:34 UTC BMDB0001414 BMDB01414 Putrescine Putrescine, also known as 1,4-butanediamine or 1,4-diaminobutane, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monoalkylamines. These are organic compounds containing an primary aliphatic amine group. Putrescine exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa) molecule. Putrescine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Putrescine is a potentially toxic compound. 1,4-Butanediamine 1,4-Butylenediamine 1,4-DIAMINOBUTANE 1,4-Tetramethylenediamine Butane-1,4-diamine Butylenediamine H2N(CH2)4nh2 Putrescin Putrescina Putreszin Tetramethylendiamin Tetramethylenediamine 1,4-Butanediammonium Tetramethyldiamine 1,4 Diaminobutane 1,4 Butanediamine C4H12N2 88.1515 88.100048394 butane-1,4-diamine putrescine 110-60-1 NCCCCN InChI=1S/C4H12N2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h1-6H2 KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as monoalkylamines. These are organic compounds containing an primary aliphatic amine group. Organic compounds Organic nitrogen compounds Organonitrogen compounds Amines Monoalkylamines Hydrocarbon derivatives Organopnictogen compounds Aliphatic acyclic compound Hydrocarbon derivative Organopnictogen compound Primary aliphatic amine Aliphatic acyclic compounds Biogenic amines alkane-alpha,omega-diamine an aliphatic α,ω-diamine Solid melting_point 27.5 °C logp -0.7 SANGSTER (1994) logp -0.98 ALOGPS logs 0.43 ALOGPS logp -0.85 ChemAxon pka_strongest_basic 10.51 ChemAxon iupac butane-1,4-diamine ChemAxon average_mass 88.1515 ChemAxon mono_mass 88.100048394 ChemAxon smiles NCCCCN ChemAxon formula C4H12N2 ChemAxon inchi InChI=1S/C4H12N2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h1-6H2 ChemAxon inchikey KIDHWZJUCRJVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N ChemAxon polar_surface_area 52.04 ChemAxon refractivity 27.38 ChemAxon polarizability 11.07 ChemAxon rotatable_bond_count 3 ChemAxon acceptor_count 2 ChemAxon donor_count 2 ChemAxon physiological_charge 2 ChemAxon formal_charge 0 ChemAxon number_of_rings 0 ChemAxon bioavailability 1 ChemAxon rule_of_five Yes ChemAxon ghose_filter Yes ChemAxon veber_rule Yes ChemAxon mddr_like_rule Yes ChemAxon Methionine Metabolism SMP0087249 Spermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis SMP0087213 Specdb::MsIr 1256 Specdb::MsIr 1257 Specdb::MsIr 1258 Specdb::EiMs 1324 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1069 Specdb::NmrTwoD 1644 Specdb::MsMs 1568 Specdb::MsMs 1569 Specdb::MsMs 1570 Specdb::MsMs 5291 Specdb::MsMs 5292 Specdb::MsMs 5293 Specdb::MsMs 5294 Specdb::MsMs 5295 Specdb::MsMs 5296 Specdb::MsMs 5297 Specdb::MsMs 5298 Specdb::MsMs 5302 Specdb::MsMs 19850 Specdb::MsMs 19851 Specdb::MsMs 19852 Specdb::MsMs 21401 Specdb::MsMs 21402 Specdb::MsMs 21403 Specdb::MsMs 445781 Specdb::MsMs 445782 Specdb::MsMs 445783 Specdb::MsMs 445784 Specdb::MsMs 445785 Specdb::MsMs 447934 Specdb::MsMs 2228912 Specdb::CMs 746 Specdb::CMs 747 Specdb::CMs 748 Specdb::CMs 1047 Specdb::CMs 1193 Specdb::CMs 1405 Specdb::CMs 2625 Specdb::CMs 27668 Specdb::CMs 28746 Specdb::CMs 28781 Specdb::CMs 30397 Specdb::CMs 30674 Specdb::CMs 30825 Specdb::CMs 31330 Specdb::CMs 31331 Specdb::CMs 31332 Specdb::CMs 31682 Specdb::CMs 31683 Specdb::CMs 31684 Specdb::CMs 32116 Specdb::CMs 32315 Specdb::CMs 165229 Specdb::NmrOneD 1300 Specdb::NmrOneD 1703 Specdb::NmrOneD 4775 Specdb::NmrOneD 96058 Specdb::NmrOneD 96059 Specdb::NmrOneD 96060 Specdb::NmrOneD 96061 Specdb::NmrOneD 96062 Specdb::NmrOneD 96063 Specdb::NmrOneD 96064 Specdb::NmrOneD 96065 Specdb::NmrOneD 96066 Specdb::NmrOneD 96067 Specdb::NmrOneD 96068 Specdb::NmrOneD 96069 Specdb::NmrOneD 96070 Specdb::NmrOneD 96071 Specdb::NmrOneD 96072 Specdb::NmrOneD 96073 Specdb::NmrOneD 96074 Specdb::NmrOneD 96075 Specdb::NmrOneD 96076 Specdb::NmrOneD 96077 Specdb::NmrOneD 166482 Blood 0.04 +/- 0.02 uM By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Blood Samples collected from 16 multiparous Holstein cows Sun HZ, Wang DM, Wang B, Wang JK, Liu HY, Guan le L, Liu JX: Metabolomics of four biofluids from dairy cows: potential biomarkers for milk production and quality. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):1287-98. doi: 10.1021/pr501305g. Epub 2015 Jan 28. 25599412 Brain Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Epidermis Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Erythrocyte Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Fibroblasts Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Liver 0.2 +/- 0.1 nmol/g of tissue By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Longissimus Thoracis Muscle 1.3 +/- 0.4 nmol/g of tissue By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Mammary Gland 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under corn stover based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Mammary Gland 8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under alfalfa hay based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform. Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951. 31873721 Milk Raw milk, by GC-TOF/MS Sun HZ, Wang DM, Wang B, Wang JK, Liu HY, Guan le L, Liu JX: Metabolomics of four biofluids from dairy cows: potential biomarkers for milk production and quality. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):1287-98. doi: 10.1021/pr501305g. Epub 2015 Jan 28. 25599412 Milk Milk samples collected from 16 multiparous Holstein cows Sun HZ, Wang DM, Wang B, Wang JK, Liu HY, Guan le L, Liu JX: Metabolomics of four biofluids from dairy cows: potential biomarkers for milk production and quality. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):1287-98. doi: 10.1021/pr501305g. Epub 2015 Jan 28. 25599412 Muscle 9-22 nmol/g of tissue By CE-TOFMS Muroya S, Oe M, Ojima K, Watanabe A: Metabolomic approach to key metabolites characterizing postmortem aged loin muscle of Japanese Black (Wagyu) cattle. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2019 Aug;32(8):1172-1185. doi: 10.5713/ajas.18.0648. Epub 2019 Jan 4. 30744349 Neuron Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Placenta Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Platelet Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Prostate Tissue Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089. 29140435 Ruminal Fluid 103 +/- 58 uM By LC-MS/MS & NMR Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Ruminal Fluid 26.31 +/- 12.21 uM Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 52.2 uM By GC-MS. Daily cows fed barley grains (15% of diet dry matter) (n=8) Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7. 22959937 Ruminal Fluid 122.2 uM By GC-MS. Daily cows fed barley grains (30% of diet dry matter) (n=8) Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7. 22959937 Ruminal Fluid 314.7 uM By GC-MS. Daily cows fed barley grains (45% of diet dry matter) (n=8) Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7. 22959937 Ruminal Fluid 26.4 uM By GC-MS. No barley grains in diet (n=8) Saleem F, Ametaj BN, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Zebeli Q, Dunn SM, Wishart DS: A metabolomics approach to uncover the effects of grain diets on rumen health in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 2012 Nov;95(11):6606-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5403. Epub 2012 Sep 7. 22959937 Ruminal Fluid 29-111 uM By NMR O'Callaghan TF, Vazquez-Fresno R, Serra-Cayuela A, Dong E, Mandal R, Hennessy D, McAuliffe S, Dillon P, Wishart DS, Stanton C, Ross RP: Pasture Feeding Changes the Bovine Rumen and Milk Metabolome. Metabolites. 2018 Apr 6;8(2). pii: metabo8020027. doi: 10.3390/metabo8020027. 29642378 Ruminal Fluid 52 +/- 17 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow fed barley grains (15% of diet dry matter). Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 122 +/- 29 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow fed barley grains (30% of diet dry matter). Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 214 +/- 89 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow fed barley grains (45% of diet dry matter). Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 28 +/- 12 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow, no barley grains in diet. Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Ruminal Fluid 28.0 +/- 12.0 uM Samples have been collected from 8 healthy primiparous Holstein cow, no barley grains in diet. Metabolite measured by GC-MS Fozia Saleem, Souhaila Bouatra, An Chi Guo, Nikolaos Psychogios, Rupasri Mandal, Suzanna M. Dunn, Burim N. Ametaj, David S. Wishart. The Bovine Ruminal Fluid Metabolome. Metabolomics (2013) 9:360–378. Semimembranosus Muscle 2 +/- 1 nmol/g of tissue By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 Testis 11 +/- 3 nmol/g of tissue By LC-MS/MS Aidin Foroutan, Carolyn Fitzsimmons, Rupasri Mandal, Hamed Piri‐Moghadam, Jiamin Zheng, AnChi Guo, Carin Li, Le Luo Guan and David S. Wishart. The Bovine Metabolome. Metabolites 2020, 10, 233; doi:10.3390/metabo10060233 FDB001494 C00134 13837702 DB01917 1045 17148 C00001428 33980 Putrescine 3226 PUTRESCINE Dudley, H. W.; Thorpe, W. V. Synthesis of N-methylputrescine and of putrescine. Biochemical Journal (1925), 19 845-9. Sun HZ, Wang DM, Wang B, Wang JK, Liu HY, Guan le L, Liu JX: Metabolomics of four biofluids from dairy cows: potential biomarkers for milk production and quality. J Proteome Res. 2015 Feb 6;14(2):1287-98. doi: 10.1021/pr501305g. Epub 2015 Jan 28. 25599412 BMDBP00128 Peroxisomal N(1)-acetyl-spermine/spermidine oxidase Q865R1 PAOX Enzyme BMDBP00922 Ornithine decarboxylase P27117 ODC1 Enzyme BMDBP00923 Arginine decarboxylase Q2TBX3 ADC Enzyme BMDBP02897 Spermidine synthase E1BM12 SRM Enzyme