<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:46:07 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-21 16:28:36 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0001448</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB01448</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Sulfate</name>
  <description/>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>[S(OH)2O2]</synonym>
    <synonym>[SO2(OH)2]</synonym>
    <synonym>Acide sulfurique</synonym>
    <synonym>Acido sulfurico</synonym>
    <synonym>Acidum sulfuricum</synonym>
    <synonym>H2SO4</synonym>
    <synonym>Schwefelsaeureloesungen</synonym>
    <synonym>Sulphuric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Sulfuric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Acide sulphurique</synonym>
    <synonym>Acido sulphurico</synonym>
    <synonym>Acidum sulphuricum</synonym>
    <synonym>Sulphate</synonym>
    <synonym>Sulfate</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>H2O4S</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>98.078</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>97.967379242</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>sulfuric acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>sulfuric acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>14808-79-8</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OS(O)(=O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4)</inchi>
  <inchikey>QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as non-metal sulfates. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds containing a sulfate as its largest oxoanion.</description>
    <kingdom>Inorganic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Homogeneous non-metal compounds</super_class>
    <class>Non-metal oxoanionic compounds</class>
    <sub_class>Non-metal sulfates</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Non-metal sulfates</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Inorganic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic sulfuric acids</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Inorganic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Non-metal sulfate</substituent>
      <substituent>Sulfuric acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework/>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>sulfur oxoacid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.84</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>-3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>sulfuric acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>98.078</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>97.967379242</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>OS(O)(=O)=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>H2O4S</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/H2O4S/c1-5(2,3)4/h(H2,1,2,3,4)</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>74.6</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>13.77</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>6.51</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>935</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31783</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>168848</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1280</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1281</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1282</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>29621</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>29622</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>29623</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>36179</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>36180</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>36181</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439730</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439747</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439820</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439821</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>449815</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>449816</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>449859</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>449884</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>449919</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>450028</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>450029</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>450030</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>450031</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2429548</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2429549</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2429550</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2506139</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2506140</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2506141</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under corn stover based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31873721</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under alfalfa hay based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31873721</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Mammary Gland</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under corn stover based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31873721</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Mammary Gland</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>8 multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows fed in the Hangzhou Hangjiang Dairy Farm based on the milk production under alfalfa hay based diets. Detection used gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) platform.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Sun HZ, Zhou M, Wang O, Chen Y, Liu JX, Guan LL: Multi-omics reveals functional genomic and metabolic mechanisms of milk production and quality in dairy cows. Bioinformatics. 2020 Apr 15;36(8):2530-2537. doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz951.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31873721</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Placenta</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <drugbank_id>DB11309</drugbank_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB013392</foodb_id>
  <chemspider_id>1086</chemspider_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>1117</pubchem_compound_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id>26836</chebi_id>
  <kegg_id>C00059</kegg_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00007530</knapsack_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>NH42SO4</meta_cyc_id>
  <bigg_id>33697</bigg_id>
  <wikipedia_id>Sulfuric_acid</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id>3233</metlin_id>
  <synthesis_reference>Zhang, Qiu-Ju; Wang, Xiao; Chen, Jian-Min; Zhuang, Guo-Shun.  Formation of Fe(II) (aq) and sulfate via heterogeneous reaction of SO2 with Fe2O3.    Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao  (2006),  27(7),  1347-1350.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00031</protein_accession>
      <name>Sulfite oxidase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q3MHX0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>SUOX</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00081</protein_accession>
      <name>Arylsulfatase A</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q08DD1</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ARSA</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00113</protein_accession>
      <name>Mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q3MHG3</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>MPST</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00114</protein_accession>
      <name>Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase</name>
      <uniprot_id>P00586</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>TST</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP00115</protein_accession>
      <name>Heparanase</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q9MYY0</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>HPSE</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01345</protein_accession>
      <name>Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein</name>
      <uniprot_id>P35445</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>COMP</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01346</protein_accession>
      <name>Sulfurtransferase</name>
      <uniprot_id>A8R4B3</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>TSTD3</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01347</protein_accession>
      <name>Solute carrier family 26 member 6</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q08DQ8</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>SLC26A6</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01348</protein_accession>
      <name>Testis anion transporter 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>A6QNW6</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>SLC26A8</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01349</protein_accession>
      <name>Vascular endothelial growth factor A</name>
      <uniprot_id>P15691</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>VEGFA</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01350</protein_accession>
      <name>Sodium-independent sulfate anion transporter</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q58DD2</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>SLC26A11</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01351</protein_accession>
      <name>Prolargin</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q9GKN8</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PRELP</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01352</protein_accession>
      <name>Sulfate transporter</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q9BEG8</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>SLC26A2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01353</protein_accession>
      <name>Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E5</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q8SQA4</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>ADGRE5</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP01354</protein_accession>
      <name>Chloride anion exchanger</name>
      <uniprot_id>A4IFH8</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>SLC26A3</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02900</protein_accession>
      <name>3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q0VC88</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PAPSS2</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
