<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:48:22 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-04-22 15:08:55 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0001865</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB01865</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>2-Oxovaleric acid</name>
  <description/>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>2-Ketopentanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Oxovalerate</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Ketovaleric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Oxopentanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Ketopentanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Ketovalerate</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Ketovaleric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Ketovalerate</synonym>
    <synonym>Α-ketovalerate</synonym>
    <synonym>Α-ketovaleric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Oxopentanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>.alpha.-keto-N-valeric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-keto Valeric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-keto-N-Valeric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Ketovaleric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-oxo-N-Valeric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-oxo-Pentanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-oxo-Pentanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-oxo-Valeric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>a-keto-Valeric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>a-oxo-N-Valeric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Oxopentanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Oxopentanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Oxovaleric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-keto-Valeric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-oxo-N-Valeric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Oxopentanoate</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Oxopentanoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Oxovaleric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Ketopentanoic acid, sodium salt</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Ketovalerate</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Oxovaleric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Keto valerate</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C5H8O3</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>116.1152</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>116.047344122</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>2-oxopentanoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>α-oxopentanoic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>1821-02-9</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CCCC(=O)C(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C5H8O3/c1-2-3-4(6)5(7)8/h2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)</inchi>
  <inchikey>KDVFRMMRZOCFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic acids and derivatives</super_class>
    <class>Keto acids and derivatives</class>
    <sub_class>Short-chain keto acids and derivatives</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Short-chain keto acids and derivatives</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Alpha-hydroxy ketones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alpha-keto acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Methyl-branched fatty acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-hydroxy ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-keto acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Branched fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acyl</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Ketone</substituent>
      <substituent>Methyl-branched fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Short-chain keto acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>2-oxo monocarboxylic acid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Oxo fatty acids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Oxo fatty acids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>oxopentanoic acid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Liquid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>6.5 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>0.35</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>0.48</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-0.55</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.21</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>3.38</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-9.7</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>2-oxopentanoic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>116.1152</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>116.047344122</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>CCCC(=O)C(O)=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C5H8O3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C5H8O3/c1-2-3-4(6)5(7)8/h2-3H2,1H3,(H,7,8)</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>KDVFRMMRZOCFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>54.37</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>27.22</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>11.19</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6500</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>324520</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>324521</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>324522</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>372952</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>372953</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>372954</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>439249</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2795582</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2795583</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2795584</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2887010</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2887011</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2887012</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9762</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9763</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9764</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9765</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9766</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9767</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9768</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9769</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9770</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9771</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9772</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9773</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9774</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9775</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9776</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9777</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9778</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9779</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9780</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>9781</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1399</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1400</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>1401</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>925</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>947</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>26397</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31357</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31358</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31964</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31965</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38154</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>134342</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>142076</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Detected by NMR</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>S. F. Graham, T. Kennedy, O. Chevallier, A. Gordon, L. Farmer, C. Elliott, B. Moss. The application of NMR to study changes in polar metabolite concentrations in beef longissimus dorsi stored for different periods post mortem. Metabolomics (2010) 6:395-404   doi: 10.1007/s11306-010-0206-y</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <kegg_id>C06255</kegg_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB003366</foodb_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <chemspider_id>67142</chemspider_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>74563</pubchem_compound_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id>33033</chebi_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00055637</knapsack_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id/>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference>Lieberman, Irving; Barker, H. A.  b-Keto acid formation and decomposition by preparations of Clostridium kluyveri.    Journal of Bacteriology  (1954),  68  329-33.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
