<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:48:34 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-05-11 20:55:49 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0001881</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB01881</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Propylene glycol</name>
  <description/>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>1,2-Dihydroxypropane</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Propanediol</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Propylenglykol</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Hydroxypropanol</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Propyleneglycol</synonym>
    <synonym>CH3CH(OH)CH2OH</synonym>
    <synonym>HOCH2CH(OH)CH3</synonym>
    <synonym>HOCH2CH(OH)Me</synonym>
    <synonym>Isopropylene glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>MeCH(OH)CH2OH</synonym>
    <synonym>Methyl glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>Methylethyl glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>Methylethylene glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>Monopropylene glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>PPD</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Propyleneglycol</synonym>
    <synonym>Α-propyleneglycol</synonym>
    <synonym>(RS)-1,2-Propanediol</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-(RS)-Propanediol</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Propylene glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-Propanediol</synonym>
    <synonym>a-Propylene glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>Aliphatic alcohol</synonym>
    <synonym>alpha-Propylene glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>Chilisa fe</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-1,2-Propanediol</synonym>
    <synonym>DL-Propylene glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>Dowfrost</synonym>
    <synonym>Glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>Ilexan p</synonym>
    <synonym>Inhibited 1,2-propylene glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>Prolugen</synonym>
    <synonym>Propane-1,2-diol</synonym>
    <synonym>Propanediol</synonym>
    <synonym>Propylene glycol usp</synonym>
    <synonym>Propylenglycol</synonym>
    <synonym>Sentry propylene glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>Sirlene</synonym>
    <synonym>Solar winter ban</synonym>
    <synonym>Solargard p</synonym>
    <synonym>Trimethyl glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>Ucar 35</synonym>
    <synonym>Propan-1,2-diol</synonym>
    <synonym>Monohydrate, propylene glycol</synonym>
    <synonym>Propylene glycol, (R)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Propylene glycol, (S)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2 Propanediol</synonym>
    <synonym>Glycol, propylene</synonym>
    <synonym>Propylene glycol, (+-)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>Propylene glycol monohydrate</synonym>
    <synonym>Propylene glycol sodium salt</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C3H8O2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>76.0944</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>76.0524295</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>propane-1,2-diol</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>1,2-propanediol</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>57-55-6</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC(O)CO</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C3H8O2/c1-3(5)2-4/h3-5H,2H2,1H3</inchi>
  <inchikey>DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2-diols. These are polyols containing an alcohol group at two adjacent positions.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic oxygen compounds</super_class>
    <class>Organooxygen compounds</class>
    <sub_class>Alcohols and polyols</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>1,2-diols</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Primary alcohols</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Secondary alcohols</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1,2-diol</substituent>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Primary alcohol</substituent>
      <substituent>Secondary alcohol</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>DL-12-Propanediol</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>glycol</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>propane-1,2-diols</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Liquid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>-60 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>water_solubility</kind>
      <value>1000 mg/mL at 20 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.92</value>
      <source>HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)</source>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-1.10</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>1.10</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>-0.79</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>14.47</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-2.9</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>propane-1,2-diol</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>76.0944</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>76.0524295</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>CC(O)CO</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C3H8O2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C3H8O2/c1-3(5)2-4/h3-5H,2H2,1H3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>40.46</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>18.97</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>8.01</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Pyruvate Metabolism</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0087231</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::EiMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>42</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1717</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1777</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>2489</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>3184</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>5033</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>5034</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1780</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1781</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1782</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5546</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5547</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>178701</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>178702</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>178703</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>181020</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>181021</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>181022</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>787</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>892</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2705</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>27159</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>29431</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30673</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31362</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38167</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Epidermis</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Intestine</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Metabolomics analysis was performed using GC-MS/LC-MS in multiparous Holstein dairy cows</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Shahzad K, Lopreiato V, Liang Y, Trevisi E, Osorio JS, Xu C, Loor JJ: Hepatic metabolomics and transcriptomics to study susceptibility to ketosis in response to prepartal nutritional management. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2019 Dec 18;10:96. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0404-z. eCollection 2019.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31867104</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Neuron</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Platelet</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Semen</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Analysis was performed using GC-MS in Holstein bulls (n = 16). Compound was identified by probable match parameters of the NIST Mass Spectral Search Program</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Velho ALC, Menezes E, Dinh T, Kaya A, Topper E, Moura AA, Memili E: Metabolomic markers of fertility in bull seminal plasma. PLoS One. 2018 Apr 10;13(4):e0195279. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195279. eCollection 2018.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29634739</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Skeletal Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Testis</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <drugbank_id>DB01839</drugbank_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB008274</foodb_id>
  <kegg_id>C00583</kegg_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <chemspider_id>13835224</chemspider_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>1030</pubchem_compound_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id>16997</chebi_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00007410</knapsack_id>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>Propylene_glycol</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id>3220</metlin_id>
  <synthesis_reference>Tuck, Michael William Marshall.  Preparation of propylene glycol by hydrogenation of glycerol.    PCT Int. Appl.  (2008),     20pp.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
