<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 22:54:16 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 20:47:06 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0002338</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB02338</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Biochanin A</name>
  <description>Biochanin a, also known as olmelin or pratensol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 4'-o-methylisoflavones. These are isoflavones with methoxy groups attached to the C4' atom of the isoflavone backbone. Thus, biochanin a is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Biochanin a is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. Biochanin a is a potentially toxic compound.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>4'-Methylgenistein</synonym>
    <synonym>5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one</synonym>
    <synonym>5,7-Dihydroxy-3-p-methoxyphenyl-4H-chromen-4-one</synonym>
    <synonym>5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone</synonym>
    <synonym>Olmelin</synonym>
    <synonym>Pratensol</synonym>
    <synonym>Biochanin a, 14C-labeled</synonym>
    <synonym>Genistein 4-methyl ether</synonym>
    <synonym>5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-isoflavone</synonym>
    <synonym>5,7-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-isoflavone (8ci)</synonym>
    <synonym>Biochanin</synonym>
    <synonym>Biochanine a</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C16H12O5</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>284.267</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>284.068473486</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>biochanin</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>491-80-5</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=COC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C16H12O5/c1-20-11-4-2-9(3-5-11)12-8-21-14-7-10(17)6-13(18)15(14)16(12)19/h2-8,17-18H,1H3</inchi>
  <inchikey>WUADCCWRTIWANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 4'-o-methylisoflavones. These are isoflavones with methoxy groups attached to the C4' atom of the isoflavone backbone.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Phenylpropanoids and polyketides</super_class>
    <class>Isoflavonoids</class>
    <sub_class>O-methylated isoflavonoids</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>4'-O-methylisoflavones</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Alkyl aryl ethers</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Anisoles</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Chromones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Heteroaromatic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydroxyisoflavonoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Isoflavones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Methoxybenzenes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phenoxy compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyranones and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Vinylogous acids</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-benzopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>4p-o-methylisoflavone</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl aryl ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Anisole</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Chromone</substituent>
      <substituent>Ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Heteroaromatic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxyisoflavonoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Isoflavone</substituent>
      <substituent>Methoxybenzene</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenol ether</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenoxy compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyranone</substituent>
      <substituent>Vinylogous acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>7-hydroxyisoflavones</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Isoflavonoids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Isoflavonoids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>isoflavones</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>methoxyisoflavone</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.44</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-3.69</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.22</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>6.55</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-4.7</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>284.267</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>284.068473486</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=COC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C1=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C16H12O5</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C16H12O5/c1-20-11-4-2-9(3-5-11)12-8-21-14-7-10(17)6-13(18)15(14)16(12)19/h2-8,17-18H,1H3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>WUADCCWRTIWANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>75.99</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>76.17</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>28.68</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>5</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2196</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5768</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31408</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>32045</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38374</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>152073</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>19874</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>19875</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>19876</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>21179</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>21180</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>21181</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>21425</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>21426</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>21427</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>22730</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>22731</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>22732</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285663</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285664</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285665</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285666</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>285667</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373634</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373635</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373636</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373637</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>373638</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>374078</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>374079</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>374080</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>5.558</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk. Diet: red clover, concentrate supplement</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>7.493</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk. Diet: red clover, no concentrate supplement</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>1.161</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk. Diet: white clover, concentrate supplement</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>1.442</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk. Diet: white clover, no concentrate supplement</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.00457 +/- 0.000246</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk. </comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Nielsen TS, Norgaard JV, Purup S, Frette XC, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC: Estrogenic activity of bovine milk high or low in equol using immature mouse uterotrophic responses and an estrogen receptor transactivation assay. Cancer Epidemiol. 2009 Jul;33(1):61-8. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.04.003. Epub 2009 May 31.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>19679050</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <kegg_id>C00814</kegg_id>
  <chemspider_id>4444068</chemspider_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB012223</foodb_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>5280373</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chebi_id>17574</chebi_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00002510</knapsack_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id>397</phenol_explorer_compound_id>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>Biochanin_A</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>BIOCHANIN-A</meta_cyc_id>
  <synthesis_reference>Gakhokidze, A. M.  Synthesis of olmelin.    Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation)  (1950),  23  559-60.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Nielsen TS, Norgaard JV, Purup S, Frette XC, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC: Estrogenic activity of bovine milk high or low in equol using immature mouse uterotrophic responses and an estrogen receptor transactivation assay. Cancer Epidemiol. 2009 Jul;33(1):61-8. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.04.003. Epub 2009 May 31.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>19679050</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
