<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 23:03:30 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 20:48:12 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0003312</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB03312</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Daidzein</name>
  <description>Daidzein, also known as daidzeol or isoaurostatin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isoflavones. These are polycyclic compounds containing a 2-isoflavene skeleton which bears a ketone group at the C4 carbon atom. Thus, daidzein is considered to be a flavonoid lipid molecule. Daidzein exists as a solid, very hydrophobic, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral molecule. Daidzein is a potentially toxic compound.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavone</synonym>
    <synonym>7,4'-Dihydroxyisoflavone</synonym>
    <synonym>7-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-benzopyrone</synonym>
    <synonym>7-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one</synonym>
    <synonym>Daidzeol</synonym>
    <synonym>Isoaurostatin</synonym>
    <synonym>Diadzein</synonym>
    <synonym>4',7-Dihydroxy-isoflavone</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C15H10O4</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>254.241</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>254.057908802</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>daidzein</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>486-66-8</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=COC2=C(C=CC(O)=C2)C1=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C15H10O4/c16-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)13-8-19-14-7-11(17)5-6-12(14)15(13)18/h1-8,16-17H</inchi>
  <inchikey>ZQSIJRDFPHDXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isoflavones. These are polycyclic compounds containing a 2-isoflavene skeleton which bears a ketone group at the C4 carbon atom.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Phenylpropanoids and polyketides</super_class>
    <class>Isoflavonoids</class>
    <sub_class>Isoflav-2-enes</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Isoflavones</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Benzene and substituted derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Chromones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Heteroaromatic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydroxyisoflavonoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organooxygen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Pyranones and derivatives</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-benzopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzopyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Chromone</substituent>
      <substituent>Heteroaromatic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydroxyisoflavonoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Isoflavone</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenol</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyran</substituent>
      <substituent>Pyranone</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>7-hydroxyisoflavones</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Isoflavonoids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Isoflavonoids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>a 4'-hydroxyisoflavone</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>an isoflavone</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>isoflavones</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>323 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.30</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-3.48</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>2.73</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>6.48</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-5.3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>254.241</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>254.057908802</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=COC2=C(C=CC(O)=C2)C1=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C15H10O4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C15H10O4/c16-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)13-8-19-14-7-11(17)5-6-12(14)15(13)18/h1-8,16-17H</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>ZQSIJRDFPHDXIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>66.76</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>69.7</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>25.75</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1881</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1947</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>166532</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>836</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2166</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5575</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30505</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31450</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>32170</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38565</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>160069</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2236</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2237</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2238</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5873</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5874</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5875</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5876</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5877</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5878</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5880</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5881</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5882</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5883</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5884</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5885</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5886</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>5887</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>11678</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>11679</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>11680</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>18350</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>18351</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>18352</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>20162</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>20163</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.00118 - 0.0224</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk, range from both high equol and low equol milk - high = diet of mainly red clover</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Nielsen TS, Norgaard JV, Purup S, Frette XC, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC: Estrogenic activity of bovine milk high or low in equol using immature mouse uterotrophic responses and an estrogen receptor transactivation assay. Cancer Epidemiol. 2009 Jul;33(1):61-8. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.04.003. Epub 2009 May 31.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>19679050</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.000393 - 0.00787</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Antignac JP, Cariou R, Le Bizec B, Cravedi JP, Andre F: Identification of phytoestrogens in bovine milk using liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2003;17(12):1256-64. doi: 10.1002/rcm.1052.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>12811748</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>7.159</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk. Diet: red clover, concentrate supplement</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>30.326</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk. Diet: red clover, no concentrate supplement</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>2.635</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk. Diet: white clover, concentrate supplement</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.905</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk. Diet: white clover, no concentrate supplement</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <kegg_id>C10208</kegg_id>
  <foodb_id>FDB002608</foodb_id>
  <chemspider_id>4445025</chemspider_id>
  <chebi_id>28197</chebi_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>5281708</pubchem_compound_id>
  <drugbank_id>DB13182</drugbank_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00009380</knapsack_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id>394</phenol_explorer_compound_id>
  <meta_cyc_id>DAIDZEIN</meta_cyc_id>
  <wikipedia_id>Daidzein</wikipedia_id>
  <bigg_id/>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference>Baker, Wilson; Robinson, Robert; Simpson, N. M.  Synthetical experiments in the isoflavone group. VII. Synthesis of daidzein.    Journal of the Chemical Society  (1933),     274-5.</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Antignac JP, Cariou R, Le Bizec B, Cravedi JP, Andre F: Identification of phytoestrogens in bovine milk using liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2003;17(12):1256-64. doi: 10.1002/rcm.1052.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>12811748</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Nielsen TS, Norgaard JV, Purup S, Frette XC, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC: Estrogenic activity of bovine milk high or low in equol using immature mouse uterotrophic responses and an estrogen receptor transactivation assay. Cancer Epidemiol. 2009 Jul;33(1):61-8. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.04.003. Epub 2009 May 31.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>19679050</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
