<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 23:18:46 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 18:58:14 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0005805</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB05805</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>p-Cymene</name>
  <description>p-Cymene, also known as p-methylcumene or p-cymol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aromatic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing at least one aromatic ring. Thus, p-cymene is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. p-Cymene exists as a solid, very hydrophobic, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral molecule. p-Cymene exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. p-Cymene is a potentially toxic compound.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>1-Isopropyl-4-methylbenzene</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)benzene</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)benzene</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Methyl-4-isopropylbenzene</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Cymene</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Isopropyl-1-methylbenzene</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Isopropyltoluene</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Methyl-1-isopropylbenzene</synonym>
    <synonym>Cymene</synonym>
    <synonym>Isopropyltoluene</synonym>
    <synonym>p-Cimene</synonym>
    <synonym>p-Cymol</synonym>
    <synonym>p-Isopropyltoluene</synonym>
    <synonym>p-Methylcumene</synonym>
    <synonym>p-Methylisopropylbenzene</synonym>
    <synonym>Para-cymene</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Isopropyl-4-methyl-benzene</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-benzene</synonym>
    <synonym>2-p-Tolylpropane</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Isopropylbenzyl radical</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)benzene</synonym>
    <synonym>Camphogen</synonym>
    <synonym>Cymol</synonym>
    <synonym>Dolcymene</synonym>
    <synonym>P- Isopropylmethylbenzene</synonym>
    <synonym>P-Mentha-1,3,5-triene</synonym>
    <synonym>P-Methyl cumene</synonym>
    <synonym>P-Methyl-cumene</synonym>
    <synonym>Paracymene</synonym>
    <synonym>Paracymol</synonym>
    <synonym>4-Methylisopropylbenzene</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C10H14</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>134.222</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>134.109550451</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)benzene</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>cymene</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>99-87-6</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C10H14/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4-8H,1-3H3</inchi>
  <inchikey>HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aromatic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing at least one aromatic ring.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Prenol lipids</class>
    <sub_class>Monoterpenoids</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Aromatic monoterpenoids</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Aromatic hydrocarbons</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Cumenes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocyclic monoterpenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phenylpropanes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Toluenes</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Unsaturated hydrocarbons</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aromatic homomonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic hydrocarbon</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic monoterpenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Cumene</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic monoterpenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>P-cymene</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenylpropane</substituent>
      <substituent>Toluene</substituent>
      <substituent>Unsaturated hydrocarbon</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Cyclic monoterpenes</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Menthane monoterpenoids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Menthane monoterpenoids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>a monoterpenoid</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>monoterpene</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>toluenes</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Liquid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>-68.9 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>water_solubility</kind>
      <value>0.0234 mg/mL at 25 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>4.1</value>
      <source>HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)</source>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>4.17</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-3.90</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.73</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)benzene</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>134.222</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>134.109550451</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C10H14</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C10H14/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4-8H,1-3H3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>45.29</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>17</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>3442</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>5119</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>5120</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>44229</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>44230</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>44231</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>136806</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>136807</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>136808</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2668861</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2668862</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2668863</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3013811</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3013812</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3013813</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::EiMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>747</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3369</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>27063</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28699</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>28812</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>30006</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>99880</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>99881</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>99882</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>99883</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>173179</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.000537 +/- 0.000767</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>In raw milk samples for diets based on maize silage</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Toso B, Procida G, Stefanon B: Determination of volatile compounds in cows' milk using headspace GC-MS. J Dairy Res. 2002 Nov;69(4):569-77.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>12463694</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.000767 +/- 0.000998</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>In raw milk samples for diets based on hay</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Toso B, Procida G, Stefanon B: Determination of volatile compounds in cows' milk using headspace GC-MS. J Dairy Res. 2002 Nov;69(4):569-77.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>12463694</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Muscle</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Samples have been collected from Heifer cows.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Osorio MT, Downey G, Moloney AP, Rohrle FT, Luciano G, Schmidt O, Monahan FJ: Beef authentication using dietary markers: chemometric selection and modelling of significant beef biomarkers using concatenated data from multiple analytical methods. Food Chem. 2013 Dec 1;141(3):2795-801. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.118. Epub  2013 Jun 5.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23871026</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB017358</foodb_id>
  <chemspider_id>7183</chemspider_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00003040</knapsack_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>7463</pubchem_compound_id>
  <kegg_id>C06575</kegg_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <chebi_id>28768</chebi_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>CPD-1001</meta_cyc_id>
  <wikipedia_id>P-cymene</wikipedia_id>
  <bigg_id/>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference>Fevre, Catherine G. Le; Fevre, Raymond J. W. Le; Robertson, Kathleen W. Dipole moments of p-cymene, 2- and 3-halogeno-pcymenes, carvacrol and thymol, p-ethyltoluene, p-tert-butyltoluene, 1,3-dimethyl-5-tert-butylbenzene, tert-butyl-benzene and its p-nitro</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Toso B, Procida G, Stefanon B: Determination of volatile compounds in cows' milk using headspace GC-MS. J Dairy Res. 2002 Nov;69(4):569-77.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>12463694</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
