<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 23:20:09 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 20:50:53 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0006101</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB06101</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Enterolactone</name>
  <description>Enterolactone, also known as HPMF or 2,3-BHBB, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans. These are lignan compounds containing a 3,4-dibenzyloxolan-2-one moiety. Enterolactone is possibly soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Enterolactone is a potentially toxic compound.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>HPMF</synonym>
    <synonym>trans-2,3-Bis(3-hydroxybenzyl)-gamma-butyrolactone</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-BHBB</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-Bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone, (trans)-(+-)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-Bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone</synonym>
    <synonym>BHMDF</synonym>
    <synonym>3,4-Bis((3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)dihydro-2-(3H)-furanone</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-Bis(3'-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone, (trans)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>(+/-)-enterolactone</synonym>
    <synonym>dihydro-3,4-Bis((3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)-2(3H)-furanone</synonym>
    <synonym>Enterolactone</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C18H18O4</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>298.3331</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>298.120509064</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>3,4-bis[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>HPMF</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number/>
  <smiles>OC1=CC=CC(CC2COC(=O)C2CC2=CC(O)=CC=C2)=C1</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C18H18O4/c19-15-5-1-3-12(8-15)7-14-11-22-18(21)17(14)10-13-4-2-6-16(20)9-13/h1-6,8-9,14,17,19-20H,7,10-11H2</inchi>
  <inchikey>HVDGDHBAMCBBLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans. These are lignan compounds containing a 3,4-dibenzyloxolan-2-one moiety.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lignans, neolignans and related compounds</super_class>
    <class>Furanoid lignans</class>
    <sub_class>Tetrahydrofuran lignans</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Benzene and substituted derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acid esters</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Gamma butyrolactones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Lignan lactones</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Oxacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tetrahydrofurans</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Dibenzylbutyrolactone</substituent>
      <substituent>Gamma butyrolactone</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Lactone</substituent>
      <substituent>Lignan lactone</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocyclic benzene moiety</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organoheterocyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Oxacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Phenol</substituent>
      <substituent>Tetrahydrofuran</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.20</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-4.12</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>3.61</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>9.16</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-6</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>3,4-bis[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-one</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>298.3331</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>298.120509064</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>OC1=CC=CC(CC2COC(=O)C2CC2=CC(O)=CC=C2)=C1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C18H18O4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C18H18O4/c19-15-5-1-3-12(8-15)7-14-11-22-18(21)17(14)10-13-4-2-6-16(20)9-13/h1-6,8-9,14,17,19-20H,7,10-11H2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>HVDGDHBAMCBBLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>66.76</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>82.71</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>30.77</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>22488</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38957</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>82281</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>82282</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>82283</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>143598</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>143599</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>143600</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.0369 - 0.0825</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk, range from both high equol and low equol milk - high = diet of mainly red clover</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Nielsen TS, Norgaard JV, Purup S, Frette XC, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC: Estrogenic activity of bovine milk high or low in equol using immature mouse uterotrophic responses and an estrogen receptor transactivation assay. Cancer Epidemiol. 2009 Jul;33(1):61-8. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.04.003. Epub 2009 May 31.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>19679050</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>90.503</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk. Diet: red clover, concentrate supplement</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>72.402</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk. Diet: red clover, no concentrate supplement</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>130.056</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk. Diet: white clover, concentrate supplement</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>90.503</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Raw milk. Diet: white clover, no concentrate supplement</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id>123917</pubchem_compound_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <chebi_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>Enterolactone</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Steinshamn H, Purup S, Thuen E, Hansen-Moller J: Effects of clover-grass silages and concentrate supplementation on the content of phytoestrogens in dairy cow milk. J Dairy Sci. 2008 Jul;91(7):2715-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0857.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>18565930</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Nielsen TS, Norgaard JV, Purup S, Frette XC, Bonefeld-Jorgensen EC: Estrogenic activity of bovine milk high or low in equol using immature mouse uterotrophic responses and an estrogen receptor transactivation assay. Cancer Epidemiol. 2009 Jul;33(1):61-8. doi: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.04.003. Epub 2009 May 31.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>19679050</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
