<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 23:22:21 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 19:20:41 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0006478</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB06478</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Iso-Valeraldehyde</name>
  <description>3-Methylbutanal, also known as isovaleraldehyde or iso-C4H9CHO, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-hydrogen aldehydes. These are aldehydes with the general formula HC(H)(R)C(=O)H, where R is an organyl group. 3-Methylbutanal exists as a liquid, possibly soluble (in water), and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa) molecule. 3-Methylbutanal exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. 3-Methylbutanal has been found to be associated with several diseases known as ulcerative colitis, crohn's disease, hepatic encephalopathy, and perillyl alcohol administration for cancer treatment; also 3-methylbutanal has been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including celiac disease.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>3-Methylbutyraldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>beta-Methylbutanal</synonym>
    <synonym>Iso-C4H9CHO</synonym>
    <synonym>Isoamyl aldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>Isopentaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>Isovaleral</synonym>
    <synonym>Isovalerylaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>b-Methylbutanal</synonym>
    <synonym>Β-methylbutanal</synonym>
    <synonym>Isovaleraldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Methylbutanal-4</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Methyl-1-butanal</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Methyl-butanal</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Methyl-butyraldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Methylbutan-1-al</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Methylbutanal</synonym>
    <synonym>Isoamylaldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>Isopentanal</synonym>
    <synonym>Isovaleric aldehyde</synonym>
    <synonym>Methyl butanal</synonym>
    <synonym>iso-Valeraldehyde</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C5H10O</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>86.1323</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>86.073164942</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>3-methylbutanal</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>isovaleraldehyde</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>590-86-3</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>[H]C(=O)CC(C)C</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C5H10O/c1-5(2)3-4-6/h4-5H,3H2,1-2H3</inchi>
  <inchikey>YGHRJJRRZDOVPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha-hydrogen aldehydes. These are aldehydes with the general formula HC(H)(R)C(=O)H, where R is an organyl group.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organic oxygen compounds</super_class>
    <class>Organooxygen compounds</class>
    <sub_class>Carbonyl compounds</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Alpha-hydrogen aldehydes</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Short-chain aldehydes</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alpha-hydrogen aldehyde</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Short-chain aldehyde</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>a small molecule</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>methylbutanal</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Liquid</state>
    <property>
      <kind>melting_point</kind>
      <value>-51 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>water_solubility</kind>
      <value>14 mg/mL at 20 °C</value>
      <source/>
    </property>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.29</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-0.71</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>1.05</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>18.56</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-7</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>3-methylbutanal</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>86.1323</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>86.073164942</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>[H]C(=O)CC(C)C</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C5H10O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C5H10O/c1-5(2)3-4-6/h4-5H,3H2,1-2H3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>YGHRJJRRZDOVPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>17.07</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>25.49</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>10.12</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>2407</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>2408</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrTwoD</type>
      <spectrum_id>1974</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2972</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>27020</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>29516</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>99929</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>99930</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>171169</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::EiMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1689</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>2040</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>3914</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>4192</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74512</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74513</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74514</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74515</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74516</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74517</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74518</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74519</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74520</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74521</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74522</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74523</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74524</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74525</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74526</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74527</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74528</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74529</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74530</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>74531</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>166580</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2484</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2485</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2486</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6112</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>6113</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>11510</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>11511</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>11512</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>18182</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>18183</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>18184</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>19958</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>19959</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>19960</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>21509</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>21510</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>21511</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2302638</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2302639</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2302640</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3066449</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3066450</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3066451</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.42 +/- 0.64</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>mg/100g dry matter content</concentration_units>
      <comment>Italian raw milk</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Brigitta Gaspardo et al. Determination of volatile fractions in raw milk and ripened cheese by means of GC-MS. Results of a survey performed in the marginal area between Italy and Slovenia. Italian Jounal of Animal Science Vol 8, 377-390, 2009</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.07 +/- 0.08</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>mg/100g dry matter content</concentration_units>
      <comment>Slovenian raw milk</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Brigitta Gaspardo et al. Determination of volatile fractions in raw milk and ripened cheese by means of GC-MS. Results of a survey performed in the marginal area between Italy and Slovenia. Italian Jounal of Animal Science Vol 8, 377-390, 2009</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.101 +/- 0.112</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>In raw milk samples for diets based on grass silage</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Toso B, Procida G, Stefanon B: Determination of volatile compounds in cows' milk using headspace GC-MS. J Dairy Res. 2002 Nov;69(4):569-77.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>12463694</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.174 +/- 0.203</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>In raw milk samples for diets based on maize silage</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Toso B, Procida G, Stefanon B: Determination of volatile compounds in cows' milk using headspace GC-MS. J Dairy Res. 2002 Nov;69(4):569-77.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>12463694</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>0.896 +/- 0.713</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>In raw milk samples for diets based on hay</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Toso B, Procida G, Stefanon B: Determination of volatile compounds in cows' milk using headspace GC-MS. J Dairy Res. 2002 Nov;69(4):569-77.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>12463694</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB003285</foodb_id>
  <chemspider_id>11065</chemspider_id>
  <chebi_id>16638</chebi_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>11552</pubchem_compound_id>
  <knapsack_id>C00048949</knapsack_id>
  <kegg_id>C07329</kegg_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>Isovaleraldehyde</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id>CPD-7031</meta_cyc_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <synthesis_reference>Roelen, O.  Synthesis of aldehydes and derivatives from olefins, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen.    Angew. Chem.  (1948),  A60  62.  CAN 44:46679  AN 1950:46679</synthesis_reference>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Toso B, Procida G, Stefanon B: Determination of volatile compounds in cows' milk using headspace GC-MS. J Dairy Res. 2002 Nov;69(4):569-77.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>12463694</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Brigitta Gaspardo et al. Determination of volatile fractions in raw milk and ripened cheese by means of GC-MS. Results of a survey performed in the marginal area between Italy and Slovenia. Italian Jounal of Animal Science Vol 8, 377-390, 2009</reference_text>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
