<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2016-09-30 23:48:07 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 19:51:03 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0007969</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB07969</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>PC(16:0/16:1(9Z))</name>
  <description>PC(16:0/16:1(9Z)), also known as PC(16:0/16:1) or PC(32:1), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phosphatidylcholines. These are glycerophosphocholines in which the two free -OH are attached to one fatty acid each through an ester linkage. Thus, PC(16:0/16:1(9Z)) is considered to be a glycerophosphocholine lipid molecule. PC(16:0/16:1(9Z)) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. PC(16:0/16:1(9Z)) exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. PC(16:0/16:1(9Z)) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions, within cattle. In particular, S-Adenosylhomocysteine and PC(16:0/16:1(9Z)) can be biosynthesized from S-adenosylmethionine and pe-nme2(16:0/16:1(9Z)); which is mediated by the enzyme phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Furthermore, Cytidine monophosphate and PC(16:0/16:1(9Z)) can be biosynthesized from CDP-choline and DG(16:0/16:1(9Z)/0:0) through its interaction with the enzyme choline/ethanolaminephosphotransferase. Finally, PC(16:0/16:1(9Z)) and L-serine can be converted into choline and PS(16:0/16:1(9Z)); which is mediated by the enzyme phosphatidylserine synthase. In cattle, PC(16:0/16:1(9Z)) is involved in a couple of metabolic pathways, which include phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis PC(16:0/16:1(9Z)) pathway and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis pe(16:0/16:1(9Z)) pathway.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(2R)-2-[(9Z)-Hexadec-9-enoyloxy]-3-(palmitoyloxy)propyl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>(2R)-3-(Hexadecanoyloxy)-2-[(9Z)-hexadec-9-enoyloxy]propyl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate</synonym>
    <synonym>(R-(Z))-4-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-10-oxo-7-((1-oxo-9-hexadecenyl)oxy)-3,5,9-trioxa-4-phosphapentacosan-1-aminium, hydroxide, inner salt, 4-oxide</synonym>
    <synonym>1-C16:0-2-C16:1(Omega-7)-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z)-hexadecenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine zwitterion</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-GPC</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-GPC (16:0/16:1)</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(16:0/16:1)</synonym>
    <synonym>PC(16:0/16:1)</synonym>
    <synonym>PC(16:0/16:1omega7)</synonym>
    <synonym>PC(32:1)</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphatidylcholine(16:0/16:1)</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphatidylcholine(16:0/16:1omega7)</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphatidylcholine(32:1)</synonym>
    <synonym>sn-1-Palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>(2R)-2-[(9Z)-Hexadec-9-enoyloxy]-3-(palmitoyloxy)propyl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(2R)-3-(Hexadecanoyloxy)-2-[(9Z)-hexadec-9-enoyloxy]propyl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphoric acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Palmitoylpalmitoleoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-(16,16,16-Trideuteriopalmitoyl)-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, (Z)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>(CD3-16.0)(16.1)PC</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine</synonym>
    <synonym>PPA-GPC</synonym>
    <synonym>GPCho(16:0/16:1)</synonym>
    <synonym>Lecithin</synonym>
    <synonym>GPCho(32:1)</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoyl-sn-glycero-phosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>1-Palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(16:0/16:1(9Z))</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(16:0/16:1n7)</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(16:0/16:1W7)</synonym>
    <synonym>GPC(32:1)</synonym>
    <synonym>GPCho(16:0/16:1(9Z))</synonym>
    <synonym>GPCho(16:0/16:1n7)</synonym>
    <synonym>GPCho(16:0/16:1W7)</synonym>
    <synonym>L-alpha-1-Palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>L-Α-1-palmitoyl-2-palmitoleoylphosphatidylcholine</synonym>
    <synonym>PC(16:0/16:1n7)</synonym>
    <synonym>PC(16:0/16:1W7)</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphatidylcholine(16:0/16:1(9Z))</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphatidylcholine(16:0/16:1n7)</synonym>
    <synonym>Phosphatidylcholine(16:0/16:1W7)</synonym>
    <synonym>PC(16:0/16:1(9Z))</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C40H78NO8P</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>732.023</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>731.546504989</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(2-{[(2R)-2-[(9Z)-hexadec-9-enoyloxy]-3-(hexadecanoyloxy)propyl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>lecithin</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>53595-24-7</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@]([H])(COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCC</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C40H78NO8P/c1-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-20-22-24-26-28-30-32-39(42)46-36-38(37-48-50(44,45)47-35-34-41(3,4)5)49-40(43)33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9-7-2/h17,19,38H,6-16,18,20-37H2,1-5H3/b19-17-/t38-/m1/s1</inchi>
  <inchikey>QIBZFHLFHCIUOT-NPBIGWJUSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phosphatidylcholines. These are glycerophosphocholines in which the two free -OH are attached to one fatty acid each through an ester linkage.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Glycerophospholipids</class>
    <sub_class>Glycerophosphocholines</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Phosphatidylcholines</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Amines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acid esters</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Dialkyl phosphates</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Fatty acid esters</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic salts</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Phosphocholines</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Tetraalkylammonium salts</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Alkyl phosphate</substituent>
      <substituent>Amine</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Diacylglycero-3-phosphocholine</substituent>
      <substituent>Dialkyl phosphate</substituent>
      <substituent>Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Fatty acyl</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic phosphoric acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic salt</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Phosphocholine</substituent>
      <substituent>Phosphoric acid ester</substituent>
      <substituent>Quaternary ammonium salt</substituent>
      <substituent>Tetraalkylammonium salt</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Diacylglycerophosphocholines</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>phosphatidylcholine 32:1</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state>Solid</state>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>5.25</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-7.47</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>7.75</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>1.86</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_basic</kind>
      <value>-6.7</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(2-{[(2R)-2-[(9Z)-hexadec-9-enoyloxy]-3-(hexadecanoyloxy)propyl phosphonato]oxy}ethyl)trimethylazanium</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>732.023</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>731.546504989</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@]([H])(COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCC</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C40H78NO8P</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C40H78NO8P/c1-6-8-10-12-14-16-18-20-22-24-26-28-30-32-39(42)46-36-38(37-48-50(44,45)47-35-34-41(3,4)5)49-40(43)33-31-29-27-25-23-21-19-17-15-13-11-9-7-2/h17,19,38H,6-16,18,20-37H2,1-5H3/b19-17-/t38-/m1/s1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>QIBZFHLFHCIUOT-NPBIGWJUSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>111.19</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>216.98</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>89.46</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>39</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>4</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
    <pathway>
      <name>Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis PC(16:0/16:1(9Z))</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0080515</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
    <pathway>
      <name>Phosphatidylethanolamine Biosynthesis PE(16:0/16:1(9Z))</name>
      <smpdb_id>SMP0082318</smpdb_id>
      <kegg_map_id/>
    </pathway>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>563992</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>563993</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>563994</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2384087</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2384088</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2384089</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2432614</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2432615</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2432616</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2919824</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2919825</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2919826</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3058588</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3058589</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3058590</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3108050</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3108051</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>3108052</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321891</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321892</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321893</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321894</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321895</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321896</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321897</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321898</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321899</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321900</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321901</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321902</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321903</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321904</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321905</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321906</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321907</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321908</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321909</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>321910</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>All Tissues</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>3.51 +/- 0.03</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Commercial 1% milk by LC-HRMS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>4.2 +/- 0.1</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Commercial 2% milk by LC-HRMS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>5.2 +/- 0.1</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Commercial 3.25% milk by LC-HRMS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>3.18 +/- 0.02</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>uM</concentration_units>
      <comment>Commercial skim milk by LC-HRMS</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Foroutan A, Guo AC, Vazquez-Fresno R, Lipfert M, Zhang L, Zheng J, Badran H, Budinski Z, Mandal R, Ametaj BN, Wishart DS: Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk. J Agric Food Chem. 2019 Apr 17. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00204.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>30994344</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Placenta</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Wishart DS, Feunang YD, Marcu A, Guo AC, Liang K, Vazquez-Fresno R, Sajed T, Johnson D, Li C, Karu N, Sayeeda Z, Lo E, Assempour N, Berjanskii M, Singhal S, Arndt D, Liang Y, Badran H, Grant J, Serra-Cayuela A, Liu Y, Mandal R, Neveu V, Pon A, Knox C, Wilson M, Manach C, Scalbert A: HMDB 4.0: the human metabolome database for 2018. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 Jan 4;46(D1):D608-D617. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1089.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>29140435</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <chemspider_id/>
  <pubchem_compound_id>6443788</pubchem_compound_id>
  <chebi_id>74000</chebi_id>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <foodb_id/>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <kegg_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id/>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>A. Foroutan et al. The Chemical Composition of Commercial Cow's Milk (in preparation)</reference_text>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
    <protein>
      <protein_accession>BMDBP02841</protein_accession>
      <name>Phosphatidylserine synthase 1</name>
      <uniprot_id>Q2KHY9</uniprot_id>
      <gene_name>PTDSS1</gene_name>
      <protein_type>Enzyme</protein_type>
    </protein>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
