<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2018-06-25 21:46:25 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-04-22 15:51:13 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0062045</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
    <accession>BMDB62045</accession>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Saccharin</name>
  <description>Saccharin, also known as benzosulfimide or O-sulfobenzimide, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzothiazoles. These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a thiazole ring (a five-membered ring with four carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom). Saccharin exists as a solid, possibly soluble (in water), and a moderately acidic compound (based on its pKa) molecule.</description>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>1,1-Dioxo-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one</synonym>
    <synonym>1,1-Dioxo-1,2-dihydro-benzo[D]isothiazol-3-one</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one 1,1-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dihydro-2-ketobenzisosulfonazole</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Dihydro-2-ketobenzisosulphonazole</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-Dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulfonazole</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-Dihydro-3-oxobenzisosulphonazole</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Hydroxybenzisothiazole-S,S-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>Anhydro-O-sulfaminebenzoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Benzo-2-sulphimide</synonym>
    <synonym>Benzoic acid sulfimide</synonym>
    <synonym>Benzoic sulfimide</synonym>
    <synonym>Benzoic sulphimide</synonym>
    <synonym>Benzosulfimide</synonym>
    <synonym>Benzosulphimide</synonym>
    <synonym>Benzoylsulfonic imide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Benzoic sulfimide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Benzosulfimide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Sulfobenzimide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Sulfobenzoic acid imide</synonym>
    <synonym>Saccharimide</synonym>
    <synonym>Saccharine</synonym>
    <synonym>Sweeta</synonym>
    <synonym>Anhydro-O-sulfaminebenzoate</synonym>
    <synonym>Anhydro-O-sulphaminebenzoate</synonym>
    <synonym>Anhydro-O-sulphaminebenzoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Benzo-2-sulfimide</synonym>
    <synonym>Benzoate sulfimide</synonym>
    <synonym>Benzoate sulphimide</synonym>
    <synonym>Benzoic acid sulphimide</synonym>
    <synonym>Benzoylsulphonic imide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Benzoic sulphimide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Benzosulphimide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Sulphobenzimide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Sulfobenzoate imide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Sulphobenzoate imide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Sulphobenzoic acid imide</synonym>
    <synonym>1, 2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 1,1-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>1, 2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one 1,1-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>1, 2-dihydro-2-Ketobenzisosulfonazole</synonym>
    <synonym>1,1-Diox-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one</synonym>
    <synonym>1,1-Dioxide-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one</synonym>
    <synonym>1,1-Dioxide-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one</synonym>
    <synonym>1,1-dioxo-1,2-dihydro-1Lambda*6*-benzo[D]isothiazol-3-one</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide, 9ci</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one, 1,1-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one, 1,1-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Benzisothiazoline-3-one 1,1-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>1,2-Benzothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>2, 3-dihydro-3-Oxobenzisosulfonazole</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-dihydro-1,2-Benzoisothiazol-3-one-1,1-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-Benzisosulfonazole</synonym>
    <synonym>2,3-Dihydroxy-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-one-1,1-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Sulfobenzoic acid imide</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Sulfobenzoicimide</synonym>
    <synonym>2-Sulphobenzoic imide</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Benzisothiazolinone 1, 1-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Benzisothiazolinone 1,1-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>3-Hydroxybenzisothiazole S,S-dioxide</synonym>
    <synonym>benzo-2-Sulfiide</synonym>
    <synonym>benzo-Sulphinide</synonym>
    <synonym>Benzosulfinide</synonym>
    <synonym>e954</synonym>
    <synonym>Garantose</synonym>
    <synonym>Glucid</synonym>
    <synonym>Gluside</synonym>
    <synonym>Glycophenol</synonym>
    <synonym>Hermesetas</synonym>
    <synonym>Insoluble saccharin</synonym>
    <synonym>Kandiset</synonym>
    <synonym>LSA</synonym>
    <synonym>Neosaccharin</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Benzoic acid sulfimide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Benzoyl sulfimide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Benzoyl sulphimide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Benzoylsulfimide</synonym>
    <synonym>O-Sulfobenzoic imide</synonym>
    <synonym>Sacarina</synonym>
    <synonym>Saccharin (JP15/nf)</synonym>
    <synonym>Saccharin acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Saccharin insoluble</synonym>
    <synonym>Saccharin, insoluble</synonym>
    <synonym>Saccharinol</synonym>
    <synonym>Saccharinose</synonym>
    <synonym>Saccharol</synonym>
    <synonym>Sacharin</synonym>
    <synonym>Stilalgin</synonym>
    <synonym>Sucre edulcor</synonym>
    <synonym>Sucrette</synonym>
    <synonym>Syncal</synonym>
    <synonym>Zaharina</synonym>
    <synonym>Saccharin sodium</synonym>
    <synonym>Saccharin calcium</synonym>
    <synonym>Calcium, saccharin</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C7H5NO3S</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>183.185</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>182.999013721</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>2,3-dihydro-1lambda6,2-benzothiazole-1,1,3-trione</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>2H-1lambda6,2-benzothiazole-1,1,3-trione</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>81-07-2</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>OC1=NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=CC=C12</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C7H5NO3S/c9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)12(10,11)8-7/h1-4H,(H,8,9)</inchi>
  <inchikey>CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzothiazoles. These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a thiazole ring (a five-membered ring with four carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom).</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Organoheterocyclic compounds</super_class>
    <class>Benzothiazoles</class>
    <sub_class/>
    <direct_parent>Benzothiazoles</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Azacyclic compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Benzenoids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organonitrogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organooxygen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organopnictogen compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organosulfonic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>1,2-benzothiazole</substituent>
      <substituent>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Azacycle</substituent>
      <substituent>Benzenoid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic nitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic sulfonic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organonitrogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organopnictogen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organosulfonic acid or derivatives</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>1,2-benzisothiazole</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>lactam</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>sulfone</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state/>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>0.02</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-1.97</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>0.45</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>1.94</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>2,3-dihydro-1lambda6,2-benzothiazole-1,1,3-trione</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>183.185</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>182.999013721</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>OC1=NS(=O)(=O)C2=CC=CC=C12</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C7H5NO3S</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C7H5NO3S/c9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)12(10,11)8-7/h1-4H,(H,8,9)</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>63.24</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>42.39</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>16.02</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>3638</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>3639</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsIr</type>
      <spectrum_id>3640</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1527</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>24007</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>27762</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31602</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>31885</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>173765</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110058</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110059</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110060</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110061</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110062</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110063</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110064</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110065</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110066</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110067</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110068</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110069</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110070</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110071</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110072</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110073</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110074</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110075</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110076</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::NmrOneD</type>
      <spectrum_id>110077</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>50109</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>50110</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>50111</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>118941</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>118942</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>118943</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436131</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436132</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436133</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436134</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436135</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436136</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436137</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436138</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436139</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436140</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436141</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436142</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436143</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>436144</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>438655</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>440642</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2233520</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2235403</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>2236384</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Milk from Friesuan Holstein cows (n=1035)</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Melzer N, Wittenburg D, Hartwig S, Jakubowski S, Kesting U, Willmitzer L, Lisec J, Reinsch N, Repsilber D: Investigating associations between milk metabolite profiles and milk traits of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. 2013 Mar;96(3):1521-34. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5743.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>23438684</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Milk</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Lu J, Boeren S, van Hooijdonk T, Vervoort J, Hettinga K: Effect of the DGAT1 K232A genotype of dairy cows on the milk metabolome and proteome. J Dairy Sci. 2015 May;98(5):3460-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8872. Epub 2015 Mar 12.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25771043</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <foodb_id>FDB000918</foodb_id>
  <chemspider_id>4959</chemspider_id>
  <chebi_id>32111</chebi_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>5143</pubchem_compound_id>
  <drugbank_id>DB12418</drugbank_id>
  <pdbe_id>LSA</pdbe_id>
  <kegg_id>C12283</kegg_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <knapsack_id>C00002728</knapsack_id>
  <meta_cyc_id>CPD-5581</meta_cyc_id>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id>Saccharin</wikipedia_id>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
    <reference>
      <reference_text>Lu J, Boeren S, van Hooijdonk T, Vervoort J, Hettinga K: Effect of the DGAT1 K232A genotype of dairy cows on the milk metabolome and proteome. J Dairy Sci. 2015 May;98(5):3460-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8872. Epub 2015 Mar 12.</reference_text>
      <pubmed_id>25771043</pubmed_id>
    </reference>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
