<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metabolite>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <creation_date>2020-03-31 16:40:30 UTC</creation_date>
  <update_date>2020-06-04 21:02:41 UTC</update_date>
  <accession>BMDB0109634</accession>
  <secondary_accessions>
  </secondary_accessions>
  <name>Dihomo-linoleic acid</name>
  <description/>
  <synonyms>
    <synonym>(11Z,14Z)-Eicosa-11,14-dienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(11Z,14Z)-Eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(11Z,14Z)-Icosa-11,14-dienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>11,14-Eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>11,14-Icosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(11Z,14Z)-Eicosa-11,14-dienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(11Z,14Z)-Eicosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(11Z,14Z)-Icosa-11,14-dienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>11,14-Eicosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>11,14-Icosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>Eicosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>11, 14-Icosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>11, 14-Icosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>11,14-trans-Eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>delta11,14-20:2</synonym>
    <synonym>Eicosa-11,14-dienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Eicosa-11,14-dienoic acid, (Z,Z)-isomer</synonym>
    <synonym>N-6 Eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Dihomolinoleate</synonym>
    <synonym>(11Z,14Z)-Icosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(11Z,14Z)-11,14-Eicosadienate</synonym>
    <synonym>(11Z,14Z)-11,14-Eicosadienic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>(11Z,14Z)-11,14-Eicosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>(11Z,14Z)-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>11,14-all-cis-Eicosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>11,14-all-cis-Eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>11-cis,14-cis-Eicosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>11-cis,14-cis-Eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Bishomolinoleate</synonym>
    <synonym>Bishomolinoleic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Dihomo-linoleate (20:2n6)</synonym>
    <synonym>Dihomo-linoleic acid (20:2n6)</synonym>
    <synonym>FA(20:2(11Z,14Z))</synonym>
    <synonym>Homo-gamma-linoleate</synonym>
    <synonym>Homo-gamma-linoleic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Homo-γ-linoleate</synonym>
    <synonym>Homo-γ-linoleic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>all-cis-11,14-Eicosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>all-cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>cis,cis-Eicosa-11,14-dienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>cis,cis-Eicosa-11,14-dienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>cis,cis-delta11,14-Eicosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>cis,cis-delta11,14-Eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>cis,cis-Δ11,14-eicosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>cis,cis-Δ11,14-eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>cis-11,cis-14-Eicosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>cis-11,cis-14-Eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>delta11,14-Eicosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>delta11,14-Eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>Δ11,14-eicosadienoate</synonym>
    <synonym>Δ11,14-eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
    <synonym>FA(20:2n6)</synonym>
    <synonym>Eicosadienoic acid</synonym>
  </synonyms>
  <chemical_formula>C20H36O2</chemical_formula>
  <average_molecular_weight>308.4986</average_molecular_weight>
  <monisotopic_moleculate_weight>308.271530396</monisotopic_moleculate_weight>
  <iupac_name>(11Z,14Z)-icosa-11,14-dienoic acid</iupac_name>
  <traditional_iupac>eicosadienoic acid</traditional_iupac>
  <cas_registry_number>5598-38-9</cas_registry_number>
  <smiles>CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O</smiles>
  <inchi>InChI=1S/C20H36O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20(21)22/h6-7,9-10H,2-5,8,11-19H2,1H3,(H,21,22)/b7-6-,10-9-</inchi>
  <inchikey>XSXIVVZCUAHUJO-HZJYTTRNSA-N</inchikey>
  <taxonomy>
    <description> belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.</description>
    <kingdom>Organic compounds</kingdom>
    <super_class>Lipids and lipid-like molecules</super_class>
    <class>Fatty Acyls</class>
    <sub_class>Fatty acids and conjugates</sub_class>
    <direct_parent>Long-chain fatty acids</direct_parent>
    <alternative_parents>
      <alternative_parent>Carbonyl compounds</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Carboxylic acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Hydrocarbon derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Organic oxides</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Straight chain fatty acids</alternative_parent>
      <alternative_parent>Unsaturated fatty acids</alternative_parent>
    </alternative_parents>
    <substituents>
      <substituent>Aliphatic acyclic compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Carbonyl group</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Carboxylic acid derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Hydrocarbon derivative</substituent>
      <substituent>Long-chain fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxide</substituent>
      <substituent>Organic oxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Organooxygen compound</substituent>
      <substituent>Straight chain fatty acid</substituent>
      <substituent>Unsaturated fatty acid</substituent>
    </substituents>
    <molecular_framework>Aliphatic acyclic compounds</molecular_framework>
    <external_descriptors>
      <external_descriptor>Polyunsaturated fatty acids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>Unsaturated fatty acids</external_descriptor>
      <external_descriptor>icosadienoic acid</external_descriptor>
    </external_descriptors>
  </taxonomy>
  <experimental_properties>
    <state/>
  </experimental_properties>
  <predicted_properties>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>7.83</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logs</kind>
      <value>-6.75</value>
      <source>ALOGPS</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>logp</kind>
      <value>7.31</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>pka_strongest_acidic</kind>
      <value>4.95</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>iupac</kind>
      <value>(11Z,14Z)-icosa-11,14-dienoic acid</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>average_mass</kind>
      <value>308.4986</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mono_mass</kind>
      <value>308.271530396</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>smiles</kind>
      <value>CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formula</kind>
      <value>C20H36O2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchi</kind>
      <value>InChI=1S/C20H36O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20(21)22/h6-7,9-10H,2-5,8,11-19H2,1H3,(H,21,22)/b7-6-,10-9-</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>inchikey</kind>
      <value>XSXIVVZCUAHUJO-HZJYTTRNSA-N</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polar_surface_area</kind>
      <value>37.3</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>refractivity</kind>
      <value>97.72</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>polarizability</kind>
      <value>39.94</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rotatable_bond_count</kind>
      <value>16</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>acceptor_count</kind>
      <value>2</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>donor_count</kind>
      <value>1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>physiological_charge</kind>
      <value>-1</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>formal_charge</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>number_of_rings</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>bioavailability</kind>
      <value>0</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>rule_of_five</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>ghose_filter</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>veber_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
    <property>
      <kind>mddr_like_rule</kind>
      <value>Yes</value>
      <source>ChemAxon</source>
    </property>
  </predicted_properties>
  <pathways>
  </pathways>
  <spectra>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>22192</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>38849</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>132811</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::CMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>140545</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>315265</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>315266</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>315267</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>361201</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>361202</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>361203</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>438682</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476277</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476278</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476279</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476280</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476281</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476282</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476283</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476308</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476309</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476310</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476311</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476312</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476313</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476314</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476315</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476316</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476317</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
    <spectrum>
      <type>Specdb::MsMs</type>
      <spectrum_id>1476318</spectrum_id>
    </spectrum>
  </spectra>
  <normal_concentrations>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>583.47</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat. Calf-finished</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mapiye C, Turner TD, Basarab JA, Baron VS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME: Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Nov 4;4(1):41. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-41.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24188642</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>583.47</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat. With growth promoting implants</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mapiye C, Turner TD, Basarab JA, Baron VS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME: Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Nov 4;4(1):41. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-41.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24188642</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>596.44</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat. Without growth promoting implants</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mapiye C, Turner TD, Basarab JA, Baron VS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME: Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Nov 4;4(1):41. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-41.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24188642</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>602.92</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat. Yearling-finished</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Mapiye C, Turner TD, Basarab JA, Baron VS, Aalhus JL, Dugan ME: Subcutaneous fatty acid composition of steers finished as weanlings or yearlings with and without growth promotants. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013 Nov 4;4(1):41. doi: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-41.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>24188642</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat from beef steers. Steers were fed grasshay with flaxseed for 205 days.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Petri RM, Mapiye C, Dugan ME, McAllister TA: Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104167. eCollection 2014.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25093808</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>42.72</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Intramuscular (IMF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage with flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>88.82</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Intramuscular (IMF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage without flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>613.75</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Perirenal (PF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage with flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>887.95</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Perirenal (PF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage without flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>574.2</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Subcutaneous (SF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage with flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value>796.54</concentration_value>
      <concentration_units>nmol/g of tissue</concentration_units>
      <comment>Subcutaneous (SF) fat of beef steers fed red clover silage without flaxseed.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>C. Mapiye, T.D.Turner, D.C.Rolland, J.A.Basarab, V.S.Baron, T.A.McAllister, H.C. Block, B.Uttaro, J.L.Aalhus, M.E.R.Dugan. Adipose tissue and muscle fatty acid profiles of steers fed red clover silage with and without flaxseed. Livestock Science. 151(2013)11-20.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id/>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat from beef steers. Steers were fed grasshay with sunflower seed for 205 days.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Petri RM, Mapiye C, Dugan ME, McAllister TA: Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104167. eCollection 2014.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25093808</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat from beef steers. Steers were fed red clove silage with flaxseed for 205 days.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Petri RM, Mapiye C, Dugan ME, McAllister TA: Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104167. eCollection 2014.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25093808</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Adipose Tissue</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Fatty acid of subcutaneous fat from beef steers. Steers were fed red clove silage with sunflower seed for 205 days.</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Petri RM, Mapiye C, Dugan ME, McAllister TA: Subcutaneous adipose fatty acid profiles and related rumen bacterial populations of steers fed red clover or grass hay diets containing flax or sunflower-seed. PLoS One. 2014 Aug 5;9(8):e104167. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104167. eCollection 2014.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>25093808</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
    <concentration>
      <biospecimen>Liver</biospecimen>
      <concentration_value/>
      <concentration_units/>
      <comment>Metabolomics analysis was performed using GC-MS/LC-MS in multiparous Holstein dairy cows</comment>
      <references>
        <reference>
          <reference_text>Shahzad K, Lopreiato V, Liang Y, Trevisi E, Osorio JS, Xu C, Loor JJ: Hepatic metabolomics and transcriptomics to study susceptibility to ketosis in response to prepartal nutritional management. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2019 Dec 18;10:96. doi: 10.1186/s40104-019-0404-z. eCollection 2019.</reference_text>
          <pubmed_id>31867104</pubmed_id>
        </reference>
      </references>
    </concentration>
  </normal_concentrations>
  <chemspider_id>4944228</chemspider_id>
  <phenol_explorer_compound_id/>
  <pdbe_id/>
  <kegg_id>C16525</kegg_id>
  <chebi_id>73731</chebi_id>
  <pubchem_compound_id>6439848</pubchem_compound_id>
  <drugbank_id/>
  <foodb_id>FDB012619</foodb_id>
  <knapsack_id/>
  <meta_cyc_id/>
  <bigg_id/>
  <wikipedia_id/>
  <metlin_id/>
  <synthesis_reference/>
  <general_references>
  </general_references>
  <protein_associations>
  </protein_associations>
</metabolite>
